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目的了解上海市一起小学甲型H1N1流感疫情的流行病学特征和疫情处置情况,为完善学校甲型H1N1流感防控工作提供依据。方法采用现场流行病学方法,调查90名发病学生的疫情资料。按照《甲型HIN1流感流行病学调查和暴发疫情处理技术指南(试行)》和《学校甲型H1N1流感防控工作方案》要求进行。结果本起疫情历时10 d,共计90人出现流感样症状,其中1人被确诊为甲型H1N1流感。临床表现以发热(体温≥38℃),伴咳嗽、咽痛等为主。所有患病学生均未接种过甲型H1N1流感疫苗。学校的甲型H1N1流感疫情以轻症为主。未及时彻底隔离发病学生、流感疫苗接种率低、学生卫生防病意识差是造成甲型H1N1流感疫情的重要原因。结论加强流感疫苗接种和适时停课是有效的疫情防控措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic situation of Influenza A (H1N1) in a primary school in Shanghai, and to provide basis for the prevention and control of Influenza A (H1N1) in schools. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to investigate the epidemic data of 90 students. In accordance with the “HIN1 influenza epidemiological survey and outbreak treatment guidelines (Trial)” and “school H1N1 influenza prevention and control work program” requirements. Results The epidemic lasted 10 days, a total of 90 people showed flu-like symptoms, of which 1 was diagnosed with type A H1N1 influenza. Clinical manifestations of fever (body temperature ≥ 38 ℃), with cough, sore throat and other mainly. All sick students were not vaccinated against the H1N1 flu. Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks in schools are mainly mild. Infection did not promptly complete isolation of students, flu vaccination rate is low, poor health awareness of students is an important cause of influenza A (H1N1) outbreak. Conclusion Strengthening influenza vaccination and timely closure of classes is an effective prevention and control measure.