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稀疏天线阵列设计是综合孔径微波辐射计的一个重要研究内容。圆环阵因其可实现(u,v)平面基线矢量零冗余、结构简单以及共形、波束旋转对称等特点而备受关注。针对均匀圆环阵(UCA)基线长度(基线矢量的模)冗余量大的问题,提出了两种稀疏优化方法:一种是基于受限差集的半圆环阵稀疏方法;一种是基于循环差集的全圆环阵稀疏方法。这两种方法均可大大减少阵元数,节约硬件成本;且均可解析地求出稀疏阵元位置,运算量极小,适于任意大阵元数的圆环阵稀疏优化。通过阵列旋转和分时测量,这两种圆环稀疏阵可获得与UCA相同的空间频率采样。
Sparse antenna array design is an important research content of synthetic aperture microwave radiometer. Circular array has attracted much attention for its characteristics of zero vector of baseline (u, v) plane vector, simple structure, conformal beam rotation symmetry and so on. Two kinds of sparse optimization methods are proposed to solve the problem that there is a large amount of redundancy in the UCA baseline length (mode of the baseline vector): one is the semi-circular array sparse method based on restricted difference sets; Full Circular Array Sparse Method Based on Cyclic Difference Set. Both of these methods can greatly reduce the number of array elements and save the hardware cost. All of these methods can obtain the location of sparse array elements analytically and the computational complexity is very small, which is suitable for the sparse optimization of circular arrays with arbitrary array elements. With both array rotation and time-sharing measurements, these two annular sparse arrays obtain the same spatial frequency samples as the UCA.