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灌溉效率分为配水效率和灌水效率两项。配水效率表示灌溉水分配的均匀程度。灌水效率反映灌溉水的有效使用情况。地面灌、喷灌和滴灌三种灌溉系统,有了适当的设计,都能达到较高的配水效率(或均匀系数)。如果地面灌溉的灌水时间充分,能达到行水历时的4倍,配水效率可达到95％。喷灌在适当的设计间距条件下,其配水效率能达到80％以上。假如滴灌滴头的设计,使出流偏差小于20％,其配水效率可达90％以上。滴灌的灌水效率,可以比较容易的达到90％以上,这是地面灌和喷灌很难达到的,地面灌溉在最优的设计和管理下,灌水效率可达到50％—60％。喷灌系统在不同设计标准的基础上,灌水效率能达到60—80％。本文对评价和比较灌溉效率的方法,进行了介绍和探讨。
Irrigation efficiency is divided into water distribution efficiency and irrigation efficiency of two. Water allocation efficiency indicates the uniformity of distribution of irrigation water. Irrigation efficiency reflects the effective use of irrigation water. Surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation three irrigation systems, with the appropriate design, can achieve higher water distribution efficiency (or even coefficient). If the irrigation time of surface irrigation is sufficient, it can reach 4 times of running water duration and the water distribution efficiency can reach 95%. Sprinkler irrigation in the appropriate design spacing conditions, the water distribution efficiency can reach more than 80%. If the drip emitter design, so that the deviation is less than 20% outflow, the water distribution efficiency of up to 90%. Drip irrigation efficiency, can be relatively easy to reach 90%, which is difficult to achieve surface irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in the best design and management, irrigation efficiency can reach 50% -60%. Sprinkler irrigation system based on different design standards, irrigation efficiency can reach 60-80%. This article describes and discusses ways to evaluate and compare irrigation efficiency.