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1引言 最近10年在理解拉张构造方面已发生了革命。这主要由于我们认识了高度拉张的地域和发展了解释日益丰富的观察资料的基本概念(Holm等,1994)。同时,近10年来在进行盆地分析方面已发生了革命。这是由于提出和改进了新的分析技术(如:回剥、多道地震资料、数值模拟、同位素地层学、古水深测定),大大地改进了地质年代(单晶Ar/Ar、磁极性地层学、u-Pb谐和曲线),以及关于盆地演化的新的基本概念(Wilsus等,1988; Flemings等,1989)。 尽管有这些进展,但关于拉张盆地充填史和演化的控制因素还了解很少。关于哪种过程有强力影响和处在什么环境下有争议,并对许多场合内的过程本身情况还很少了解。还缺乏关于拉张盆地内沉积作用的标定方法。一些已提出的模式(如:Leeder等,1987;Schlische,1991)用简单半地堑的一级二维地层较好地解释了陆内裂谷。然而,这些模式被普遍和有时不合适地应用于不是大范围构造和沉积样式的拉张背景。
1 Introduction The last 10 years have revolutionized the understanding of tension structures. This is mainly due to our understanding of highly stretched areas and the development of the basic concepts that explain the growing abundance of observations (Holm et al., 1994). In the meantime, there have been revolutions in basin analysis in the last 10 years. This is due to the introduction and improvement of new analytical techniques such as backwashing, multi-channel seismic data, numerical modeling, isotopic stratigraphy and paleo-water depth determination, greatly improving the geologic age (monocrystalline Ar / Ar, U-Pb harmonics), and new basic concepts of basin evolution (Wilsus et al., 1988; Flemings et al., 1989). Despite these advances, little is known about the controlling factors that have puffed up the history and evolution of the basins. There is controversy over which process has a strong influence and under what circumstances and little is known about the process itself on many occasions. There is also a lack of calibration methods for stretching the sediments in the basin. Some of the proposed models (eg, Leeder et al., 1987; Schlische, 1991) explain the intracontinental rifting well using first-order two-dimensional strata of simple half-graben. However, these modes are common and sometimes unsuitable for stretch backgrounds that are not a wide range of construction and deposition styles.