为剖析半干旱矿区近浅埋煤层开采基本不渗漏区潜水位恢复机制,通过物理相似模拟揭示了煤层开采造成的潜水位降深呈“降落漏斗”状,建立了潜水位恢复的单井数学模型,在修正的Theis公式的基础上对潜水位恢复时间进行了预测,并将解析计算、模型试验及实测结果进行对比检验.最后分析了潜水位恢复动态规律及其对地质环境的影响.结果表明:基本不渗漏区域煤层回采造成砂层水位骤降,其瞬时水位可近似看作虚拟抽水产生的降落漏斗,而其恢复过程可视为停止虚拟抽水的水位恢复过程.水位恢复停采时降深95%的解析恢复时间为225d,比物理模型试验所得时间300d略小,其误差主要源于井函数的近似取值和采空区上覆岩土层非连续塌陷.工作面附近泉水流量的实测曲线显示数学模型的误差为9.1%;依此预测出潜水位在初期恢复较快而后期恢复缓慢,将造成农业短期大面积减产、植被可逆性退化及土地沙化缓解等地质环境效应. In order to analyze the mechanism of phreatic water level recovery in the basically non-leaking zone in near-shallow-seam mining in semi-arid mining area, the phreatic level drop caused by coal mining was revealed as a “drop funnel” by physical similarity simulation. A single Well mathematical model, based on the modified Theis formula, the diving time recovery is predicted, and the analytical calculation, model test and measured results are compared.Finally, the dynamic law of the recovery of the diving position and its impact on the geological environment are analyzed The results show that the water level in sand layer suddenly plunges in the coal mining area in the basic non-seepage area, and its instantaneous water level can be approximately regarded as the falling funnel produced by virtual pumping, and the recovery process can be regarded as stopping the water level recovery of virtual pumping. The analysis recovery time of 95% mining recovery is 225d, which is slightly smaller than that of the physical model test 300d.The error mainly comes from the approximate value of well function and the unconsolidated collapse of overburden soil in the goaf The measured curve of the spring water flow shows that the error of the mathematical model is 9.1%. Based on this, it is predicted that the phreatic water level will recover quickly in the early stage and slowly in the late stage, Volume production, vegetation reversible degradation and desertification mitigation of geological and other environmental effects.