除了血液中的抗凝因子外,自然界中还存在大量具有抗凝活性的生物大分子,如水蛭素、蚯蚓纤溶酶等.基础研究证实这些抗凝剂的作用一般是通过三方面得以实现:一是抑制凝血酶及凝血酶活化因子活性;二是水解血纤维蛋白或纤溶酶原;三是抑制血小板凝聚.由于这些活性物质具有高效的抗凝、溶栓作用,它们极有可能发展成治疗血栓性疾病的药物. In addition to anticoagulant factors in the blood, there are a large number of biological macromolecules with anticoagulant activity in nature, such as hirudin, earthworm plasmin, etc. Basic research confirms that these anticoagulant effects are generally achieved through three aspects: One is to inhibit the activity of thrombin and thrombin activator; the other is to hydrolyze fibrin or plasminogen; the other is to inhibit platelet aggregation. Because of their high anticoagulant and thrombolytic activity, these active substances are highly likely to develop into Thrombotic disease treatment of drugs.