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刘邦是司马迁在《鸿门宴》中着力刻画的主要人物之一。为使学生掌握刘邦与项羽的性格特点,教材后面专门设计了一道分析题。在回答刘邦的性格特点时,湖南等五省编的“教参”将刘邦说成“多谋善断”、“虚心下问”。笔者不能苟同。司马迁忠于史实,调动文学手段,匠心独运将刘邦放在大军压境、与项羽争王、双方斗争激烈的关键时刻,三用“为之奈何”,展示刘邦的性格特点: 一用“为之奈何”,宴会前,项羽拥兵四十万,刘邦只有十万。尽管兵力对比悬殊,刘邦却暗藏野心,伺机与项羽争帝,却未料左司马曹无伤将他的野心密告于项羽,项羽大怒,立即号令三军
Liu Bang is one of the main characters that Sima Qian devoted himself to portraying in the Banquet. In order to enable students to master the personality traits of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, an analysis question was specifically designed behind the textbooks. When answering Liu Bang’s personality traits, the “educational ginsengs” compiled by five provinces such as Hunan described Liu Bang as “successful” and “quietly asked”. The author cannot agree. Sima Qian is loyal to historical facts, mobilizes literary means, and works with ingenuity to put Liu Bang on the scene of the army’s suppression, Xiang Yu’s struggle for the king, and the fierce battle between the two sides. The three uses “do nothing” to demonstrate Liu Bang’s personality traits: “Before the banquet, Xiang Yu commanded 400,000 soldiers and Liu Bang only had 100,000.” Despite the disparity in military strength, Liu Bang concealed his ambitions and waited for an opportunity to compete with Xiang Yu. However, he did not expect Zusima Cao to report his ambition to Xiang Yu, and Xiang Yu was furious and immediately ordered the three armed forces.