画像砖文物起源于战国时期,盛行于两汉,其历史悠久,内容丰富,以播种、收割、舂米、酿造、盐井、放牧、宴乐、杂技、舞蹈、车马出行、西王母、月宫等为主题形式的画面描绘当时的社会风俗和人们的精神世界。目前,国内有多家文物保护单位收藏画像砖文物。然而,这些馆藏画像砖文物在埋藏过程中受环境影响产生不同程度的劣化,进而在馆藏保存过程中,难免受搬运、展览和制作拓片等工作的影响,进一步受到物理、化学、生物等有害因子侵蚀,形成空鼓、酥粉等病害,不利于文物保存。为能够确保文物安全的同时,保证展览和制作拓片等工作顺利开展,我们调查汉画像砖的制作特点后,依据陶瓷工艺学原理,采用塑性好的高岭石类黏土,经过照相取景、泥塑后制作成泥砖,再对泥砖进行石膏翻模、石膏制砖等步骤无损复制画像砖文物,既避免了对文物的直接翻制、拓片等损伤,又能确保文物展览复制工作的顺利进行。本文在综述复制过程的基础上,将其中一些科学原理加以详细论述。 The brick relic originated in the Warring States Period and flourished in the Han Dynasty. It has a long history and rich content. It takes the form of sowing, harvesting, rice, brewing, salt well, grazing, feast, acrobatics, dance, horse and go travel, The picture depicts the current social customs and people’s spiritual world. At present, there are a number of cultural relics protection units in China that collect portraits of brick relics. However, the brick cultural relics of these collections have been degraded to varying degrees during the burial process by the environment. In addition, they are inevitably affected by the handling, exhibition and production of rubbings in the process of collection and preservation and are further affected by physical, chemical, biological and other harmful factors Erosion, the formation of hollowing, crisp powder and other diseases, is not conducive to preservation of cultural relics. In order to ensure the safety of cultural relics while ensuring the smooth progress of the exhibition and production of rubbings, we investigated the production characteristics of the Han portraits based on the principle of ceramics and adopted the good kaolinite clay with good plasticity. Making brick masonry, then plastering mud masonry brick, gypsum brick and other steps of non-destructive reproduction of brick artifacts, both to avoid the direct relics of cultural relics, rubbing and other damage, but also to ensure the smooth progress of cultural relics exhibition. Based on the review of the process of copying, this article will elaborate some of the scientific principles.