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目的在深圳市罗湖区珠宝首饰加工企业中,我们针对使用有机溶剂的作业场所开展健康促进教育,并对其效果进行评价。方法随机抽取深圳市罗湖区的15家使用有机溶剂的珠宝首饰加工企业,2014—2015年对这些企业进行为期2年的健康促进试点活动。分别对干预前后有机溶剂作业人员的职业卫生知识、态度和行为的变化情况、作业场所化学性职业危害因素的浓度变化以及接触有机溶剂的作业人员职业健康检查的生化指标变化进行统计分析。结果有机溶剂作业人员对有机溶剂的相关职业卫生知识、态度和行为在健康促进后变化显著,除吸烟与饮酒的习惯外均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);从现场检测结果的浓度范围可以看出,乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、甲醇、异丙醇等项目所检测出的最高浓度在干预后均有所下降(<0.27、11.2~<11、<0.6、1.4~<1.2、<3.3、34.33~<1.3、<6.7、<4.0、5.8~<1.3、20.0~<0.3mg/m3);实施健康促进后接触有机溶剂的作业人员其血常规、血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、心电图和神经系统等指标的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.476、0.206、2.534、5.028,P>0.05);尿常规、肝脾B超和血压等指标的差异具有统计学意义(χ2=19.351、16.720、7.600,P<0.05)。结论通过对珠宝首饰加工企业进行有机溶剂作业场所的健康促进这一活动,有效提高有机溶剂作业人员的职业卫生知识的知晓率;改善了从业人员使用有机溶剂的态度和行为;降低了有机溶剂作业场所的化学性职业危害因素的接触水平;提高了接触有机溶剂的作业人员的职业健康水平。
Objectives In the jewelry processing enterprises in Luohu District, Shenzhen, we conducted health promotion education for workplaces that use organic solvents and evaluated their effects. Methods A total of 15 jewelry processing enterprises using organic solvents in Luohu District, Shenzhen were randomly selected. The two-year health promotion pilot activities were conducted for these enterprises in 2014-2015. The changes of occupational health knowledge, attitude and behavior of organic solvents workers before and after intervention were analyzed respectively. The changes of chemical occupational hazards in workplaces and the changes of biochemical indexes in occupational health examination of workers exposed to organic solvents were also analyzed. Results The knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of organic solvent workers in occupational health were significantly changed after health promotion, except for the habit of smoking and drinking (P <0.05). The concentration range of the test results from the field could be The highest concentrations detected in the ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane, acetone, butanone, methanol and isopropanol decreased after the intervention (<0.27, 11.2 ~ <11, <0.6, 1.4 ~ <1.2, <3.3,34.33 ~ <1.3, <6.7, <4.0,5.8 ~ <1.3, 20.0 ~ <0.3mg / m3); after the implementation of health promotion contact with organic solvents There was no significant difference in the blood routine, serum ALT, ECG and nervous system between the two groups (χ2 = 0.476,0.206,2.534,5.028, P> 0.05) Blood pressure and other indicators of the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 19.351,16.720,7.600, P <0.05). Conclusion Through the activity of health promotion of organic solvent workplace for jewelery processing enterprises, the awareness rate of occupational health knowledge of organic solvents practitioners is effectively improved; the attitudes and behavior of employing personnel using organic solvents are improved; and the operation of organic solvents is reduced Place of exposure to chemical occupational hazards; improve the occupational health of workers exposed to organic solvents.