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在声场及电磁场中，经常要求在非均匀噪声场及目标相对方位迅速变化的情况下，快速精确地估计出主源方位．而在这种情况下传统的方位估计方法往往难以在工科中应用．文中为此提供幂法方位估计方法，详细研究了诸如背景噪声的统计特性、背景噪声场的空间相关性、传感器阵的随机扰动及基阵安装的几何误差等实际问题对益法方位的估计性能及其迭代过程收敛速度的影响，并给出了相应的典型曲线．硬件实验表明：幂法方位估计方法对接收传感器阵元间噪声特性不敏感，即使采用很短的输入数据段也具有良好的精度、稳健性与快速收效能力．它特别适用于目标相对方位变化很快、稳定输入数据段很短、背景噪声场非白等情况下的主源方位实时精确估计与跟踪，非常易于工程实现．
In the sound field and the electromagnetic field, it is often required to quickly and accurately estimate the main source orientation under the condition of a non-uniform noise field and a rapid change of the relative orientation of the target. In this case, the traditional methods of bearing estimation are often difficult to apply in engineering. In this paper, the method of power law azimuth estimation is provided, and the estimation performance of the method such as the statistical characteristics of background noise, the spatial correlation of background noise field, the random disturbance of sensor array and the geometrical error of array installation are studied in detail And its convergence speed of the iterative process, and gives the corresponding typical curve. The hardware experiments show that the method of power law azimuth estimation is insensitive to the noise characteristics of the receiving sensor array, and has a good accuracy, robustness and fast efficiency even with a short input data segment. It is especially suitable for real-time accurate estimation and tracking of the main source azimuth with relative fast change of target orientation, stable input data segment, non-white background noise field and so on. It is very easy to implement.