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前言炭腐病菌[Macrophomina phaszoli (Maubl.)Ashby]在江苏、浙江、安徽、山东、福建,江西等地發现。受害植物有黄麻、芝麻、豇豆、花生、向日葵、大麻、番藷、烟草、棉花等作物及松、柏、麻櫟、板栗、洋槐、杜仲及銀杏等的苗木。銀杏受害很重,在南京是育苗的障碍。受害植物表现各种不同的症狀,病名也不一致,有“炭腐”、“立枯”、“猝倒”,“干腐”、“褐腐”、“根腐”等名称。銀杏受害的初期症狀是苗木的茎部变褐,頂叶变黄,顶芽枯死。往后,下部叶片亦全部黄萎,莖某皮層則肥肿皺縮而与木質部脫离。剝去受害皮層,则發現木質部已干腐呈絲狀或粉末狀,皮層与木質部之间,充滿黑色的小菌核。嚴重时则地下根系亦全部腐爛。总之,炭腐病菌对于銀杏的影响是引起莖基的干腐而使幼苗枯死,故暂称为“茎腐病”。
Introduction Macrophomina phaszoli (Maubl.) Ashby was found in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. The affected plants are jute, sesame, cowpea, peanut, sunflower, hemp, sweet potato, tobacco, cotton and other crops and pine, cypress, Quercus, chestnut, acacia, Eucommia and ginkgo seedlings. Ginkgo is a heavy victim of nursery in Nanjing. The affected plants show various symptoms and their names are not the same. There are names such as “charcoal rot”, “standing dead”, “catapulting”, “dry rot”, “brown rot” and “root rot”. The initial symptoms of ginkgo victimization are browning of the stems of seedlings, yellowing of the parietal lobe, and death of the terminal buds. In the future, the lower part of the leaves were also all yellow and wilted. Stripped of the victim’s cortex, the xylem has been found to be dry filamentous or powdered, between the cortex and the xylem, full of small black sclerotia. In serious cases, underground roots also decayed completely. In short, the impact of carbon bacteria on the gingko stem is caused by stem-based dry and seedlings dead, so tentatively called “stalk rot.”