OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines for invigorating the kidney (CHMIK) on senile osteoporosis.METHODS:We searched for studies in English-language databases (PubMed,the Cochrane Library,and Web of Science) and Chinese-language databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang Data,VIP Chinese periodical service platform,and China Biology Medicine disc from their inception to September 2017.Randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine therapies (alone or in combination) and conventional clinical medicine therapies among older adult patients with osteoporosis were identified.We conducted a network Meta-analysis with a Bayesian hierarchical random-effects model using RStudio software,Version 3.4.1.RESULTS:Forty-three randomized controlled trials assessing the differences between Traditional Chinese Medicine and conventional clinical medicine were identified,including 15 treatments and involving 3316 patients.The results of the network Meta-analysis indicated that alendronate (odds ratio [OR] =0.20,95％ confidence interval [C/]:0.047-0.73) and calcium (OR =0.18,95％ C/:0.11-0.30) are significantly more effective if combined with oral CHMIK.CHMIK alone is significantly more effective than both alendronate (OR =0.34,95％ C/:0.10-1.0) and calcium (OR =0.13,95％ CI:0.056-0.28).Moreover,CHMIK + tuina + calcium is more effective than CHMIK + calcium + vitamin D +alendronate (OR =18.0,95％ C/:1.1-2.7e + 02).CONCLUSION:The present network Meta-analysis found that alendronate and calcium are more effective if combined with oral CHMIK and that oral CHMIK alone may be more effective than alendronate or calcium.Tuina may have an advantage over oral medicines.Oral CHMIK and calcitonin show the most potential for treating senile osteoporosis.