为了研究谐振腔形状变化对激光陀螺中背向散射的影响,基于矢量叠加理论,分析了激光陀螺背向散射源及其对总的背向散射的影响。根据背向散射对顺逆时针光的耦合作用,推导出了总的背向散射系数与顺逆时针旋转光光强的关系式。基于这一关系,设计实验,通过施加电压使谐振腔反射镜到不同位置来改变光腔形状变化,同时测量光强交流量的振幅,得到了总的背向散射系数的变化曲线。通过与仿真结果对比,验证了背向散射的矢量叠加理论。 In order to study the influence of resonant cavity shape on the backscattering in laser gyro, the backscattering laser source and its effect on total backscattering are analyzed based on vector superposition theory. According to the coupling of backscattering to clockwise and counterclockwise light, the relationship between the total backscattering coefficient and the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation light intensity is deduced. Based on this relationship, experiments were designed to change the shape of the cavity by applying a voltage to make the cavity mirrors to different positions. At the same time, the amplitudes of the AC intensity of the light intensity were measured and the total backscattering coefficient was obtained. By comparing with the simulation results, the vector backscattering theory is verified.