近二十年许多国家的临床医生在难以诊断食管疾患时开始采用细胞学检查食管的方法。往往用 X 线或组织学检查不易发现肿瘤,而采用此法可以查出正在生长的早期肿瘤所特有的细胞变化。根据文献记载,对比组织学与细胞学检查方法,后者优点如下:(1)没有任何危险,损伤小,因为洗出物、刮下物或印迹系取自组织表面; In the past two decades, clinicians in many countries began to use cytology to examine the esophagus when it was difficult to diagnose esophageal disorders. X-ray or histological examination is often not easy to find tumors, but this method can be used to identify the cell changes that are characteristic of the growing early tumors. According to the literature, comparing the histological and cytological examination methods, the advantages of the latter are as follows: (1) There is no danger, and the damage is small because the eluted material, scraped material, or blot is taken from the surface of the tissue;