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河流中河水与底泥中重金属含量之间的关系对于河流污染防治意义重大。对某金矿区3种典型河流的河水与底泥中的重金属含量进行分析,发现4条河流均有超过国家标准限值的情况,河水中7种重金属元素均出现超标,Cr、As元素超标不严重;底泥中Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn超标,其中Hg超标最严重,河水和底泥中Hg最大超标倍数分别达到3099倍和244倍。河流中重金属主要赋存形态为沉积态,底泥的吸附解吸作用是河流底泥和河水中重金属沿程变化的主控因素;金矿区区域上河水和底泥中重金属很好地服从Langmuir等温吸附模式。矿业活动、地层岩性均会影响底泥对重金属的平均最大吸附容量,流径黄土区的双桥河平均最大吸附容量最大。研究结果为矿山河流污染防治与预警提供了参考依据。
The relationship between river water and sediment heavy metal content in rivers is of great significance to the prevention and control of river pollution. The contents of heavy metals in the rivers and sediments of three typical rivers in a gold mining area were analyzed. It was found that all the four rivers exceeded the national standard limit. Seven kinds of heavy metal elements in the river water exceeded the standard and Cr and As exceeded the standard Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn in the sediment exceeded the standard, of which Hg exceeded the standard and the maximum exceeded standard multiple of Hg in river water and sediment reached 3099 and 244 times, respectively. The main deposit of heavy metals in the river is sedimentary state, the adsorption and desorption of sediment is the main controlling factor of heavy metals in the river sediment and river water, and the heavy metals in the upper river and sediment of the gold mine area obey the Langmuir isotherm Adsorption mode. Both mining activities and stratigraphic lithology will affect the average maximum adsorption capacity of sediment to heavy metals, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Shuangqiao River in the Loess area is the largest. The results provide a reference for the prevention and early warning of mine and river pollution.