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目的以家庭为单位,通过在食盐中添钾、钙,观察增加钾和钙的摄入量对血压偏高青年(在同年龄组第90百分位及以上)及其家庭成员的高血压一级预防效果。方法血压偏高青年325名及其所在的254个家庭(家庭总成员935名),采用随机、单盲、对照的方法分为:①补钾、补钙组:83个家庭,101名血压偏高青少年,家庭总成员343名。按每人每日约补充钾和钙各10mmol量,与食盐混合后提供给每个家庭;②限盐组:89个家庭,110名血压偏高青少年,家庭总成员338名。通过健康教育和行为指导,使每人每日钠摄入量在原有基础上逐渐减少50～100mmol。③对照组:82个家庭,血压偏高青少年114名,家庭总成员254名。每半年进行1次随访。盐敏感性判定用口服盐水负荷法。结果经过两年期干预,补钾补钙组血压较基线分别下降了5.9/2.8mmHg,其家庭成员下降了5.4/3.4mmHg;限盐组下降了5.8/1.0mmHg,其家庭成员下降了5.6/2.4mmHg。补钾补钙组与限盐组间血压下降比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而对照组血压偏高青少年血压则上升了1.3/2.3mmHg,家庭成员上升了1.1/0.9mmHg。补钾补钙组和限盐组血压变化幅度均与对照组之间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。进一步分层分析发现,无论补钾补钙组还是限盐组,盐敏感者血压下降幅度均大于盐不敏感者(均P<0.05)。结论在家庭日常食盐中适量添加钾和钙盐,增加钾、钙的摄入与限盐一样均有助于降低血压偏高青年及其家庭成员的血压,是我国高血压一级预防的有效途径之一。
Aim To increase the intake of potassium and calcium in salt by adding potassium and calcium to the family as a unit. To observe the effect of high blood pressure on young people (90th percentile in the same age group and above) and their family members’ Prevention effect. Methods 325 young people with high blood pressure and 254 families (935 family members) with high blood pressure were divided into two groups according to randomized, single-blind and control methods: ① potassium supplement group: 83 families, 101 blood pressure partialities High adolescents, family members 343. Salt supplement group: 89 families, 110 high blood pressure adolescents, 338 total family members. Through health education and behavioral guidance, so that each person daily intake of sodium in the original basis of the gradual reduction of 50 ~ 100mmol. ③ control group: 82 families, 114 high-pressure teenagers and 254 family members. Every six months for a follow-up. Salt sensitivity test using oral saline load method. Results After two years of intervention, the blood pressure of potassium supplement group decreased by 5.9 / 2.8mmHg than that of baseline, and its family members decreased by 5.4 / 3.4mmHg. The salt reduction group decreased by 5.8 / 1.0mmHg and its family members decreased by 5.6 / 2.4mmHg. There was no significant difference in blood pressure drop between potassium-supplementing calcium group and salt-limiting group (P> 0.05). In the control group, the blood pressure of adolescents with high blood pressure increased by 1.3 / 2.3 mmHg and that of family members by 1.1 / 0.9 mmHg. The changes of blood pressure in both potassium-supplementing and salt-limiting groups were significantly different from those in the control group (all P <0.05). Further stratified analysis found that both the potassium-supplementation group and the salt-limited group showed that the decrease in blood pressure of salt sensitive group was greater than that of salt-sensitive group (all P <0.05). Conclusions It is an effective way to prevent primary hypertension in our country by adding proper amount of potassium and calcium salt to the daily salt of the family and increasing the intake of potassium and calcium, just as the limited salt can help to lower the blood pressure of the youth and their family members with high blood pressure. one.