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[摘要] 目的 探讨妊娠合并颅内海绵状血管瘤的临床特征、妊娠对颅内海绵状血管瘤的影响、终止妊娠的时机、分娩方式的选择、再次妊娠颅内出血的风险。 方法 以2015年9月~2017年3月期间,我院收治的妊娠合并颅内海绵状血管瘤5例为研究对象,回顾性分析患者的年龄、临床特征、治疗方法、终止妊娠的时机、分娩方式的选择。结果 临床特征:妊娠合并颅内海绵状血管瘤患者多无症状,常见临床表现是癫痫及颅内出血。终止妊娠时机:5例均在妊娠36周以后终止妊娠。分娩方式选择:5例均选择剖宫产终止妊娠。 结论 妊娠合并颅内海绵状血管瘤临床少见,对于其终止妊娠的时机及分娩方式的选择目前缺乏大样本研究,有待多学科协作,进一步研究,规范治疗,以改善患者预后。
[关键词] 妊娠;颅内海绵状血管瘤;脑血管畸形;良性
[中图分类号] R651.12 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)25-0060-03
Clinical analysis and literature review of pregnancy combined with cavernous cerebral malformations
XU Lanzhi GAO Wanli ZHANG Qi
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100050, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of pregnancy combined with cavernous cerebral malformations, the effect of pregnancy on cavernous cerebral malformations, the timing of termination of pregnancy, the selection of mode of delivery, and the risk of repeated intracranial hemorrhage during pregnancy. Methods A total of 5 cases of pregnancy combined with intracranial cavernous hemangioma who were admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from September 2015 to March 2017 were selected as the study subjects. Retrospective analysis was carried out for the patients’ age, clinical characteristics, treatment methods, the timing of termination of pregnancy, and the selection of mode of delivery. Results Clinical characteristics: the patients with pregnancy combined with cavernous cerebral malformations were mostly asymptomatic, with the common clinical manifestations of epilepsy and intracranial hemorrhage. Timing of termination of pregnancy: 5 cases received termination of pregnancy after 36 weeks of labor. The selection of mode of delivery: 5 cases selected cesarean section to terminate pregnancy. Conclusion Pregnancy combined with cavernous cerebral malformations is rare. For the timing of its termination of pregnancy and the selection of mode of delivery, a large sample study is currently lacking, which needs multi-disciplinary collaboration, further study, and standardization of treatment, so as to improve the prognosis of patients.
[Key words] Pregnancy; Cavernous cerebral malformations; Cerebrovascular malformation; Benign
顱內海绵状血管瘤(caverous cerebral malformations,CCM)属先天性脑血管畸形的一种,在普通人群中的发病率约为0.4%~0.8%,占脑血管畸形的10%~25%,属于良性疾病,约21%的患者无症状,常见临床表现为癫痫及颅内出血[1-3]。发病原因目前尚不明确。本研究回顾性分析了本院收治的5例妊娠合并CCM患者的临床资料,旨在探讨妊娠合并CCM的临床特征,终止妊娠的时机、分娩方式的选择、再次妊娠颅内出血的风险及预后等,加强临床医生对妊娠合并CCM的认识,改善患者妊娠结局,减少母婴并发症的发生,降低剖宫产率。 1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
以2015年9月~2017年3月期间我院收治的妊娠合并CCM患者为研究对象。
1.2 方法
1例妊娠前因脑海绵状血管瘤癫痫小发作在我院行海绵状血管瘤切除术,术后“卡马西平”治疗,妊娠期间顺利,观察至妊娠38周剖宫产。1例妊娠34周出现脑干海绵状血管瘤出血,出现头痛、视物模糊伴左侧肢无力症状,逐渐加重半个月,就诊我院,诊为“脑干海绵状血管瘤伴陈旧性出血”,急诊行剖宫产。1例在妊娠20周行海绵状血管瘤切除术,术后病情平稳,妊娠过程顺利,妊娠36周行剖宫产。1例在妊娠前体检发现海绵状血管瘤,无症状,妊娠过程顺利,妊娠37周行剖宫产。1例在妊娠前2年发现海绵状血管瘤,继发癫痫,口服“拉莫三嗪”治疗,妊娠期间当地医院产检,因未规律服药,发生意识丧失5次,转至我院,妊娠38周行剖宫产。
1.3观察指标
对5例妊娠合并CCM患者的年龄、临床症状、妊娠经过、终止妊娠的时间、分娩方式的选择、再次妊娠情况的资料进行回顾性分析。所有入选患者均行头颅CT和磁共振检查,确诊为CCM。图1、图2分别为磁共振及CT下CCM表现。
2 结果
2.1 一般情况及临床表现
年龄在28~40岁之间;初產妇3例,经产妇2例;3例病例孕期顺利,无临床症状。1例孕34周出现头痛、视物模糊、伴左侧肢体乏力,症状逐渐加重。1例因妊娠期间未规律服药,妊娠20周起出现意识丧失5次,每次持续3~5 min自主意识恢复。
2.2 终止妊娠的时机
5例患者均维持至妊娠36~39周终止妊娠,母婴均恢复良好。
2.3 分娩方式的选择
5例患者均选择剖宫产终止妊娠。
3 讨论
近年来,随着CT、MRI等影像学技术的不断进步,越来越多的CCM被临床诊断。CCM是一种发生在中枢神经系统的特殊类型的脑血管畸形,并非真正意义上的肿瘤,病灶由海绵状血管腔隙组成,无明显的供血动脉和引流静脉,血管间很少有脑实质组织存在[4]。目前病因不清,文献报道40%~60
[关键词] 妊娠;颅内海绵状血管瘤;脑血管畸形;良性
[中图分类号] R651.12 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)25-0060-03
Clinical analysis and literature review of pregnancy combined with cavernous cerebral malformations
XU Lanzhi GAO Wanli ZHANG Qi
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100050, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of pregnancy combined with cavernous cerebral malformations, the effect of pregnancy on cavernous cerebral malformations, the timing of termination of pregnancy, the selection of mode of delivery, and the risk of repeated intracranial hemorrhage during pregnancy. Methods A total of 5 cases of pregnancy combined with intracranial cavernous hemangioma who were admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from September 2015 to March 2017 were selected as the study subjects. Retrospective analysis was carried out for the patients’ age, clinical characteristics, treatment methods, the timing of termination of pregnancy, and the selection of mode of delivery. Results Clinical characteristics: the patients with pregnancy combined with cavernous cerebral malformations were mostly asymptomatic, with the common clinical manifestations of epilepsy and intracranial hemorrhage. Timing of termination of pregnancy: 5 cases received termination of pregnancy after 36 weeks of labor. The selection of mode of delivery: 5 cases selected cesarean section to terminate pregnancy. Conclusion Pregnancy combined with cavernous cerebral malformations is rare. For the timing of its termination of pregnancy and the selection of mode of delivery, a large sample study is currently lacking, which needs multi-disciplinary collaboration, further study, and standardization of treatment, so as to improve the prognosis of patients.
[Key words] Pregnancy; Cavernous cerebral malformations; Cerebrovascular malformation; Benign
顱內海绵状血管瘤(caverous cerebral malformations,CCM)属先天性脑血管畸形的一种,在普通人群中的发病率约为0.4%~0.8%,占脑血管畸形的10%~25%,属于良性疾病,约21%的患者无症状,常见临床表现为癫痫及颅内出血[1-3]。发病原因目前尚不明确。本研究回顾性分析了本院收治的5例妊娠合并CCM患者的临床资料,旨在探讨妊娠合并CCM的临床特征,终止妊娠的时机、分娩方式的选择、再次妊娠颅内出血的风险及预后等,加强临床医生对妊娠合并CCM的认识,改善患者妊娠结局,减少母婴并发症的发生,降低剖宫产率。 1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
以2015年9月~2017年3月期间我院收治的妊娠合并CCM患者为研究对象。
1.2 方法
1例妊娠前因脑海绵状血管瘤癫痫小发作在我院行海绵状血管瘤切除术,术后“卡马西平”治疗,妊娠期间顺利,观察至妊娠38周剖宫产。1例妊娠34周出现脑干海绵状血管瘤出血,出现头痛、视物模糊伴左侧肢无力症状,逐渐加重半个月,就诊我院,诊为“脑干海绵状血管瘤伴陈旧性出血”,急诊行剖宫产。1例在妊娠20周行海绵状血管瘤切除术,术后病情平稳,妊娠过程顺利,妊娠36周行剖宫产。1例在妊娠前体检发现海绵状血管瘤,无症状,妊娠过程顺利,妊娠37周行剖宫产。1例在妊娠前2年发现海绵状血管瘤,继发癫痫,口服“拉莫三嗪”治疗,妊娠期间当地医院产检,因未规律服药,发生意识丧失5次,转至我院,妊娠38周行剖宫产。
1.3观察指标
对5例妊娠合并CCM患者的年龄、临床症状、妊娠经过、终止妊娠的时间、分娩方式的选择、再次妊娠情况的资料进行回顾性分析。所有入选患者均行头颅CT和磁共振检查,确诊为CCM。图1、图2分别为磁共振及CT下CCM表现。
2 结果
2.1 一般情况及临床表现
年龄在28~40岁之间;初產妇3例,经产妇2例;3例病例孕期顺利,无临床症状。1例孕34周出现头痛、视物模糊、伴左侧肢体乏力,症状逐渐加重。1例因妊娠期间未规律服药,妊娠20周起出现意识丧失5次,每次持续3~5 min自主意识恢复。
2.2 终止妊娠的时机
5例患者均维持至妊娠36~39周终止妊娠,母婴均恢复良好。
2.3 分娩方式的选择
5例患者均选择剖宫产终止妊娠。
3 讨论
近年来,随着CT、MRI等影像学技术的不断进步,越来越多的CCM被临床诊断。CCM是一种发生在中枢神经系统的特殊类型的脑血管畸形,并非真正意义上的肿瘤,病灶由海绵状血管腔隙组成,无明显的供血动脉和引流静脉,血管间很少有脑实质组织存在[4]。目前病因不清,文献报道40%~60