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近些年来,行政承诺这一新型的行政管理手段已经被行政主体所广泛采用。然而,有关行政承诺的一些基本问题诸如行政承诺的具体含义是什么、行政承诺是否应当履行以及不履行是否必须承担法律责任等学界并没有达成共识。通过对行政承诺的三个焦点问题的探讨,可以明确行政承诺既不是单方性的行政行为,也与行政合同存在显著的区别,它是一种依赖于相对人选择参与才能成立的独立的具体行政行为。行政承诺的属性以及行政法的一些基本原则都决定了行政承诺原则上应当履行,只有在特殊情况下才可以不履行,而不履行行政承诺应承担相应的法律后果。
In recent years, the administrative promises of this new type of administrative measures have been widely adopted by administrative bodies. However, there are no consensus on the basic issues concerning administrative commitment such as the specific meaning of administrative commitment, whether the administrative commitment should be fulfilled and whether the non-performance must bear the legal responsibility. Through the discussion of the three focuses of administrative commitment, we can make clear that administrative commitment is neither unilateral act nor administrative contract. It is a kind of independent concrete administration which depends on relatives’ choice and participation behavior. The nature of administrative commitment and some basic principles of administrative law all determine that administrative commitment should be fulfilled in principle. Only in exceptional circumstances can non-performance, and failure to perform administrative commitment should bear the corresponding legal consequences.