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学术界通常认为马克思在《资本论》中较明确地提出了两种含义的社会必要劳动时间,但在哪种社会必要劳动时间决定价值的问题上存在争议。本文认为,一方面,当生产某种商品的第一种社会必要劳动时间随着工艺的普遍改进而减少时,该商品的价值量与相应的第二种社会必要劳动时间都必然要随之发生变化。这表明,第二种社会必要劳动时间受制于第一种社会必要劳动时间。另一方面,“商品的再生产所需要的社会必要劳动时间”作为第三种社会必要劳动时间,在价值决定上处于从属地位,并在再生产过程中,与第一种社会必要劳动时间不断地相互转换,形成社会必要劳动时间与商品价值的辩证发展过程。
Academics generally think that Marx made two meanings of socially necessary working time more clearly in Capital, but there was controversy over the question of what kind of social necessity of working time decided the value. This paper argues that, on the one hand, when the first socially necessary working time for producing a certain kind of goods decreases with the general improvement of the craft, the value of the commodity and the corresponding second socially necessary working time will inevitably change . This shows that the second socially necessary working time is subject to the first socially necessary working time. On the other hand, “the socially necessary labor time needed for the reproduction of a commodity” is the third socially necessary working time, a subordinate position in value determination, and the necessary labor time in the first kind of society The transformation from one place to another forms the dialectical development of the socially necessary working hours and the value of commodities.