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目的探讨军校新生军训前后心理健康状况与自我效能感的变化趋势及相关关系。方法采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)分别于入学1周内、军训结束后、临近第一学期末进行3次调查,所得数据采用SPSS 16.0软件进行分析。结果①对3次调查SCL-90总分及各因子得分进行方差分析,除抑郁、偏执2个因子外,SCL-90总分、躯体化、强迫、人际关系、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性等各因子均存在显著性差异;②对3次调查自我效能感进行方差分析,第二次调查自我效能感显著低于第三次调查;③3次调查新生SCL-90总分及自我效能感均呈显著负相关[r1=-0.296(P<0.01,n=441),r2=-0.340(P<0.01,n=410),r3=-0.353(P<0.01,n=437)]。结论新生的SCL-90总分及各因子分基本呈现第二次调查最低,第一、三次调查较高的趋势。军校新生在刚入校和第一学期结束前自我效能较高,军训刚结束时自我效能最低,总体呈现“U”型变化趋势。在新生入伍后,学员对干部要了解新生的心理健康状况和自我效能的动态变化趋势。
Objective To explore the changing trend and the correlation between mental health status and self-efficacy of military freshmen before and after military training. Methods The general self-efficacy scale (GSES) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) were used to perform three surveys at the end of the first semester after the military training ended within one week of enrollment. The data were obtained using SPSS 16.0 software analysis. Results ①Analysis of total score of SCL-90 and scores of each factor in three surveys conducted ANOVAs. Except depression and paranoid, SCL-90 score, somatization, coercion, interpersonal relationship, anxiety, hostility, terror and psychosis ② There was a significant difference in the self-efficacy among the three surveys. The self-efficacy of the second survey was significantly lower than that of the third survey. ③The scores of SCL-90 scores and self-efficacy (R <0.01 = -0.296 (P <0.01, n = 441), r2 = -0.340 (P <0.01, n = 410), r3 = -0.353 (P <0.01, n = 437)]. Conclusion The score of newborn SCL-90 and all factors showed the lowest of the second survey and the high of the first and third surveys. Freshmen of military academies had higher self-efficacy just before entering the university and the end of the first semester, self-efficacy was lowest at the end of the military training, and generally showed the trend of “U ”. After enlisting new students, trainees should learn from cadres about the dynamic changes of their mental health and self-efficacy.