通过大田不同播期试验,研究播期气象因素差异对不同品种玉米果穗建成的影响。结果表明,双穗率对穗数具有显著的间接负效应,空秆率对穗数具有显著的直接负效应,果穗分蘖率是影响空秆率的重要因素。播期对果穗建成因素的影响均达显著或极显著水平,品种间穗数无差异,但双穗率和空秆率差异显著。出苗至拔节期日温差越高和适当降雨,双穗率和空秆率越低,穗数越多;出苗至拔节期和拔节至大喇叭口期内高温危害,以及拔节至吐丝期夜温升高、日温差变小和渍涝胁迫,均显著提高双穗率和空秆率;吐丝后14 d内高温天数导致花丝受精率降低或者受精花丝子粒败育,降低穗数。通过调整播期调控玉米果穗建成期气象因素是构建高产多穗群体的技术手段之一。 Through different field sowing experiments in the field, the differences of sowing weather factors on the establishment of different varieties of corn ear were studied. The results showed that the double spike rate had a significant indirect negative effect on the spike number. The empty stalk rate had a significant direct negative effect on the spike number. The tillering rate was an important factor affecting the empty stalk ratio. The effects of sowing date on the establishment of ear were all significant or extremely significant, there was no difference in the number of ears between varieties, but there was significant difference between the two ears and empty stalk. The higher the temperature difference between the emergence and the jointing stage and the appropriate rainfall, the lower the double-spike rate and the empty stalk rate, the more the spike number; the high temperature damage during emergence to jointing stage and jointing to the big bell mouth stage, and the night temperature rise from jointing to silking stage High and low temperature difference and waterlogging stress both significantly increased the rate of double-tassel and empty stalks; high-temperature days within 14 days after silking resulted in the decrease of filial fertilization rate or the abortion of filial grains and the reduction of spikes. It is one of the technical means to construct a high-yield, multi-spike population by adjusting the sowing date to adjust the weathering factors of corn ear.