论文部分内容阅读
在使用英语时，有时要突出或强调某个词、词组或句子，这时就要用到强调结构。
[强调句基本句型]
强调句基本句型：“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”。be的时态：that/who前面be的时态一般是一般现在时，当它后面的句子为过去时时，才用过去时。
判断方法：将（It is/was） ... （that/who） ...括号中的词同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立，则是强调句型；若不成立，则为状语从句、定语从句或主语从句。
如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，可以用that或who（whom）连接其他成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人以外的词，例如表示事物、时间或地点的词，用that连接其他成分。
It was I that/who saw a film in the Youth Palace last night. （强调主语）
It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night. （强调宾语）
It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night. （强调地点状语）
It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace. （强调时间状语）
例1 It’s not what we do once in a while
shapes our lives， but what we do consistently.
A. which B. that C. how D. when
解析 B。强调主语。句意：塑造我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情，而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。
例2 ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late
B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late
D. It was because we were late
解析 B。强调主语our being late，此题若还原成一般陈述句，即为：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is（was） ... that ...，句子仍然成立。换句话说，该结构中的that不能充当句子成分。
[not ... until用于强调句]
在强调not ... until结构中由until短语（或从句）表示时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is（was） not until ... that ...。注意此时原句的not ... until要变成not until，that从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。
My father didn’t come home until 12 o’clock last night.
It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my father came home.
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
例3 It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous， for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A. who B. that C. where D. before
解析 B。把it was及空去掉，可转换为一个完整的句子。且这是表示“直到……时才”的句型之一：it was not until ... that ...。
[it’s+时间或地点状语+that ... 用于强调句]
比较：it’s+时间或地点名词+where ... （时间状语从句、定语从句）。如：
It was in the town that I was born. （in the town为地点状语，强调句）
It is the town where I was born. （the town为地点名词，定语从句）
It was at 8 o’clock that he returned. （at 8 o’clock时间状语，强调句）
It was 8 o’clock when he returned. （8 o’clock为时间名词，时间状语从句）
例4 —Have you seem the film Mermaid Mermaid？
—Of course， I have. It was in our city it was made.
A. that B. where C. when D. which 解析 A。问话人询问对方是否看过《美人鱼》这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的城市拍摄的。被强调的部分是地点状语in our city。
注意，强调句型容易和句型it is/was+名词+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词it is （was） ... that（who） ...去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整的句子。但后者的it is/was ... that是不可去掉的，否则that前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉it is/was ... that就不再完整：
It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.
强调句型还容易跟It is/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。如：It is clear （obvious，true，possible，certain ...） that ...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚、显然，真的，肯定……”，是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
例5 It was just in the room he was born he died.
A. where， which B. that， that
C. where， that D. which， that
解析 A。非强调句。此句若去掉结构词，即为Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at就完整了，因为at five o’clock在这里用作时间状语。此题选A：it表示时间，when the fire broke out为时间状语从句。句意：火灾是5点钟发生的吗？
[助动词do用于强调句]
对谓语动词的强调要借助于助动词do加动词原形，而且do有人称、时态和数的变化。这种强调形式主要用于祈使句以及一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。do可译成“确实”“的确”。
If you have a job， do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
To my great joy， the plant did look exactly like what we were looking for.
He does work hard and finish the job in time.
在肯定的祈使句中，用动词do来加强语气，可译成“务必，一定，千万”。
Do come and see us some day.
Do give her my regards.
例6 It may have been at Christmas John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
解析 C。被强调部分为at Christmas，其中的动词be采用了may have been这一较为复杂的形式。
[强调句基本句型]
强调句基本句型：“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”。be的时态：that/who前面be的时态一般是一般现在时，当它后面的句子为过去时时，才用过去时。
判断方法：将（It is/was） ... （that/who） ...括号中的词同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立，则是强调句型；若不成立，则为状语从句、定语从句或主语从句。
如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，可以用that或who（whom）连接其他成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人以外的词，例如表示事物、时间或地点的词，用that连接其他成分。
It was I that/who saw a film in the Youth Palace last night. （强调主语）
It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night. （强调宾语）
It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night. （强调地点状语）
It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace. （强调时间状语）
例1 It’s not what we do once in a while
shapes our lives， but what we do consistently.
A. which B. that C. how D. when
解析 B。强调主语。句意：塑造我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情，而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。
例2 ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late
B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late
D. It was because we were late
解析 B。强调主语our being late，此题若还原成一般陈述句，即为：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is（was） ... that ...，句子仍然成立。换句话说，该结构中的that不能充当句子成分。
[not ... until用于强调句]
在强调not ... until结构中由until短语（或从句）表示时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is（was） not until ... that ...。注意此时原句的not ... until要变成not until，that从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。
My father didn’t come home until 12 o’clock last night.
It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my father came home.
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
例3 It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous， for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A. who B. that C. where D. before
解析 B。把it was及空去掉，可转换为一个完整的句子。且这是表示“直到……时才”的句型之一：it was not until ... that ...。
[it’s+时间或地点状语+that ... 用于强调句]
比较：it’s+时间或地点名词+where ... （时间状语从句、定语从句）。如：
It was in the town that I was born. （in the town为地点状语，强调句）
It is the town where I was born. （the town为地点名词，定语从句）
It was at 8 o’clock that he returned. （at 8 o’clock时间状语，强调句）
It was 8 o’clock when he returned. （8 o’clock为时间名词，时间状语从句）
例4 —Have you seem the film Mermaid Mermaid？
—Of course， I have. It was in our city it was made.
A. that B. where C. when D. which 解析 A。问话人询问对方是否看过《美人鱼》这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的城市拍摄的。被强调的部分是地点状语in our city。
注意，强调句型容易和句型it is/was+名词+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词it is （was） ... that（who） ...去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整的句子。但后者的it is/was ... that是不可去掉的，否则that前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉it is/was ... that就不再完整：
It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.
强调句型还容易跟It is/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。如：It is clear （obvious，true，possible，certain ...） that ...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚、显然，真的，肯定……”，是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
例5 It was just in the room he was born he died.
A. where， which B. that， that
C. where， that D. which， that
解析 A。非强调句。此句若去掉结构词，即为Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at就完整了，因为at five o’clock在这里用作时间状语。此题选A：it表示时间，when the fire broke out为时间状语从句。句意：火灾是5点钟发生的吗？
[助动词do用于强调句]
对谓语动词的强调要借助于助动词do加动词原形，而且do有人称、时态和数的变化。这种强调形式主要用于祈使句以及一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。do可译成“确实”“的确”。
If you have a job， do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
To my great joy， the plant did look exactly like what we were looking for.
He does work hard and finish the job in time.
在肯定的祈使句中，用动词do来加强语气，可译成“务必，一定，千万”。
Do come and see us some day.
Do give her my regards.
例6 It may have been at Christmas John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
解析 C。被强调部分为at Christmas，其中的动词be采用了may have been这一较为复杂的形式。