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1932年,正在英国伦敦经济学院读书的罗纳德·科斯得到一笔欧奈斯特·卡赛尔爵士旅行奖学金,他来到美国芝加哥大学研究产业的纵向一体化和横向一体化问题。在听芝加哥大学奈特教授讲授企业理论时,科斯突然想到一个无人注意过的问题:为什么会有企业?他苦苦思考这个问题,终于在1937年发表了《企业的性质》一文,以后又写了《社会成本问题》等论文。上世纪60年代之后,科斯的这些论文受到经济学界重视,终于形成了我们今天所熟悉的产权理论和企业理论。现代企业理论包括广泛的内容,但核心仍然是:产权明晰是企业效率的基础。现在我们正要从企业效率的角度考虑产权,说明产权的重要性。产权是排他地占有、使用某种资产并取得收益的权利。一个完整的产权应该包括四种权利。占有权,即排他地拥有某种产权。这就表明产权的所有者是明确的主体(自然人或法人),它对财产的占有是排他性的。使用权,即可以在法律允许的范围之内使用属
In 1932, Ronald Coase, currently studying at the London School of Economics in the United Kingdom, received a scholarship for Sir Owess Cassell, traveling to the University of Chicago to study the vertical integration and horizontal integration of industries. While listening to Professor Knight's theory of business theory at the University of Chicago, Coase suddenly remembered an unanswered question: Why there is a business? He painstakingly thought about it and finally published his article entitled “The Nature of Business,” in 1937 Wrote a “social cost problem” and other essays. After the 1960s, these papers from Coase were taken seriously by economists and finally formed the property rights theory and business theory that we are familiar with today. Modern business theory includes a wide range of content, but the core is still: the clarity of property rights is the basis for business efficiency. Now we are going to consider property rights from the point of view of enterprise efficiency, indicating the importance of property rights. Property is the exclusive possession, use of certain assets and obtain the right to the proceeds. A complete property should include four kinds of rights. Possession, that is, exclusive ownership of some property. This shows that the owner of property rights is a clear subject (natural or legal persons), it is exclusive possession of property. The use of the right to use the genus within the law allows