The immunosuppressive agent FK506 contributes to neural regeneration via growth cone and Schwann cell processes.However,it is difficult to rapidly harvest a large number of Schwann cells,and Schwann cell senescence is obvious following culture,proliferation,and amplification.The present study investigated the effects of various concentrations of FK506 on proliferation and secretion of cultured Schwann cells.In addition,the suitability of FK506 application as tissue engineered artificial nerves was considered.Bilateral sciatic nerves of 3-5-day old,Sprague Dawley rats were obtained,and primary cultured Schwann cells were identified by S-100 protein staining.Following subculture,Schwann cells purity was ＞ 90%.After 3-5 days in culture,Schwann cell proliferation was visible in each group.Results verified that FK506 promoted proliferation of cultured Schwann cells and secretion of nerve growth factor.This effect was significant at a low concentration (1×10-8 mol/L).