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恢复性司法是在社区的主持和调解下,通过犯罪人与被害人的协商,恢复被犯罪侵害的关系。恢复性司法以犯罪人和被害人自愿接受协商为基础,社区仅充当调解人的角色,但社区没有强制力。现代司法以强制力为后盾,通过权威维护司法。因此,恢复性司法不是传统意义的司法,而是一种理念。恢复性司法的基本理念是:犯罪是个人对个人的侵害,因而对现代刑事司法会产生多方面的影响。主意表现为:扩展了被害人的范围,弱化了刑事案件处理主体的独占性;强化被害人的地位,弱化国家的司法权力;强化社区的作用,弱化司法机关的强制作用;强调犯罪人的认罪态度,弱化犯罪人的程序保护功能;强调恢复犯罪的损害,弱化了刑罚的惩罚性。在关注恢复性司法有利于缓和因犯罪产生的社会矛盾的同时,不能忽视用恢复性司法解决犯罪问题可能对现代司法权威产生的抑制作用。
Restorative justice restores the relationship of being guilty of an offense through the negotiation of the perpetrator and the victim, under the auspices and mediation of the community. Restorative justice is based on the voluntary negotiation of offenders and victims, with the community acting only as a mediator but without community compulsion. Modern justice is backed by coercive power and maintains the judiciary through authority. Therefore, restorative justice is not a traditional justice, but an idea. The basic idea of restorative justice is that crime is a personal violation of individuals and thus has many implications for modern criminal justice. The idea is as follows: expanding the scope of the victim, weakening the monopoly of the subject of criminal cases; strengthening the status of the victim, weakening the judicial power of the country; strengthening the role of the community and weakening the mandatory role of the judiciary; emphasizing the perpetrator’s guilty conscientious attitude, Weaken the procedural protection of criminals; emphasize the restoration of criminal damage and weaken punitive punishment. While paying attention to restorative justice is conducive to alleviating the social contradictions caused by crime, we can not ignore the possible restraining effect that restorative justice can have on the judicial authority.