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娘子关泉是我国北方最大的岩溶泉之一,也是阳泉市工农业生产和人民生活的重要供水水源。地下水地球化学演化分析表明,在地下水由补给区向排泄区运移过程中,除固有的水岩相互作用外,由于受采矿活动和地表水入渗补给的影响,岩溶水由低离子含量的HCO3-SO4或HCO3型水逐渐成为SO4型、SO4-HCO3型和SO4-HCO3-Cl型水。在泉群集中排泄区,区域流动系统与局部流动系统的地下水发生混合作用,最终形成了水质相对良好的HCO3-SO4型或SO4-HCO3型岩溶泉水。在此过程中,地下水对方解石和白云石也由最初的溶解作用演变为沉淀再结晶。尽管石膏呈持续溶解现象,但在采煤活动严重影响区域,石膏的沉淀也可能出现。地球化学模拟表明,在岩溶含水层中,地下水首先以方解石(白云石)的溶解为主;随着石膏溶解数量的增加,方解石(白云石)的溶解开始受到抑制,进而发生沉淀,石膏的溶解成为控制地下水水化学的主导过程。当矿坑水混入时,地下水相对石膏过饱和,地下水对碳酸盐岩含水介质的溶蚀能力得到增强。随着水岩反应的演进,铁氢氧化物大量沉淀,通过共沉淀和吸附作用去除了地下水中的重金属类污染物。
Niangziguan is one of the largest karst springs in northern China and an important source of water for industrial and agricultural production and people’s livelihood in Yangquan City. The analysis of groundwater geochemical evolution shows that in addition to the inherent water-rock interaction during the migration of groundwater from the recharge area to the discharge area, due to the influence of mining activities and surface water infiltration, the karst water is composed of low-ion-content HCO3 -SO 4 or HCO 3 type water gradually becomes SO 4 type, SO 4 -HCO 3 type and SO 4 -HCO 3 -Cl type water. In the drainage area of the spring cluster, the regional flow system interacts with the groundwater in the partial flow system, resulting in the relatively good water quality of HCO3-SO4 or SO4-HCO3 type karst springs. In the process, groundwater changed calcite and dolomite from initial dissolution to precipitation recrystallization. In spite of the continuous dissolution of gypsum, precipitation of gypsum may also occur in the area severely affected by coal mining activity. Geochemical modeling shows that in karst aquifers, groundwater is dominated by the dissolution of calcite (dolomite); dissolution of calcite (dolomite) begins to be suppressed as the amount of gypsum dissolved increases, with the consequent precipitation of gypsum Become the dominant process controlling groundwater chemistry. When pit water is mixed, groundwater is supersaturated with gypsum, and groundwater has an enhanced ability to dissolve carbonate aqueous media. With the evolution of water-rock reaction, a large amount of iron hydroxide precipitated, and heavy metal pollutants in groundwater were removed by coprecipitation and adsorption.