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我国《保守国家秘密法》实质上仅将机关、单位工作人员视为保密义务主体。不同的保密义务主体,义务的强制性不同。我国《刑法》第398条规定的犯罪主体为合法知悉、掌握国家秘密的人员,该罪中非国家机关工作人员包括指定定密责任人和其他合法涉密人员。非法知悉、掌握国家秘密的人员泄露国家秘密应以窃取国家秘密罪等前置犯罪来处理。我国《刑法》第398条规定的对非国家机关工作人员泄露国家秘密罪酌情处罚,对此具体应表达为:对于合法知悉、掌握国家秘密的全国人大代表故意泄露国家秘密者,依照前款的规定从重处罚;对于非国家机关工作人员身份的定密责任人,依照前款的规定处罚;对于其他合法知悉、掌握国家秘密的人员,依照前款的规定从轻处罚或者免于刑事处分。我国《刑法》第398条的规定位于渎职罪中并无不当,而仅需要将该罪主体在理解上增加“合法知悉、掌握国家秘密的人员”之限定。
In our country, the “conservative state secrets law” essentially treats organs and units as the main body of confidentiality obligations. The main body of different obligations of confidentiality, mandatory obligation is different. The criminal subject stipulated in Article 398 of the Criminal Law of China is a person who is legally aware of and has possession of state secrets. The staff of non-state organs in this crime include those who designate definite secrets and other lawful secrets. It is illegally known that persons who master state secrets should handle such fore crimes as theft of state secrets through the disclosure of state secrets. Article 398 of the Criminal Law of China punishes the non-state organs staff for disclosing state secrets as appropriate. This should be specifically expressed as follows: For a NPC member who knowingly knows or masters state secrets to deliberately divulge state secrets, according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph The provisions of the heavier punishment; for non-state organs, the identity of the staff responsible for the secret, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph punishment; for other lawful knowledge and control of state secrets, according to the preceding paragraph shall be given a lighter punishment or exempt from criminal punishment. The provisions of Article 398 of the Criminal Law of China are not improper in the crime of dereliction of duty, but only need to increase the definition of “the person who is legally known and has the state secrets” in the understanding of the subject of crime.