论文部分内容阅读
清政府盲目自大地将中国封闭于世界之外，因而在１９世纪初迅速地落后于西方诸国。被西方炮火打开大门后，在长达２０年的时间里清政府仍抱“中央帝国”的观念，持旧有的御夷之态。第二次鸦片战争后，清王朝内部从中央朝政的主持者到沿海、江南一带的疆吏因内忧外患的逼压，因受西方人“和平”策略的诱导，因有了较多的对外接触的体验，思想上发生了一系列变化，共同促成中央政府在１９世纪６０年代出台了新的对外方略。新的对外方略是中国认同西方资本主义国际外交规则的开端，也是中国外交政策近代化的嚆矢
The Qing government, blindly and arrogantly enclosing China outside the world, quickly lagged Western countries early in the 19th century. After being opened to the door by Western artillery, the Qing government still held the concept of “central empire” for as long as 20 years and maintained the old status of imperialism. After the Second Opium War, due to the “peaceful” strategy led by the Westerners, due to more external contacts, the Qing officials, from the presidents of the Central Government to the coastal areas and the Jiangnan area under the pressure of internal and external disturbances, Experience, a series of changes have taken place in thinking, together to promote the central government in the 1860s introduced a new strategy. The new strategy for foreign countries is the beginning of China’s recognition of the international diplomatic rules of western capitalism and the forerunner of the modernization of China’s foreign policy.