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微机自控钻进系统是自动化钻井设备的核心,也是钻进技术科研的高级设施。 微机自控钻进系统主要由数据采集系统—计算机(决策系统)—控制执行系统组成对对象的闭环控制回路。这种系统可按人们在软件中规定的各种模式自动完成钻进。并具有自动数据处理、打印绘图、存贮资料及自动报警等一系列丰富而优异的功能。 数据采集系统必须具有既符合钻探需要又满足计算机接口要求的传感器。完成这一系统设计的关键在于恰当设计前放及采样滤波器,以保证良好的信噪比。另外是正确决定采样速率。 计算机决策系统的正确设计关键在于搞清自控钻进基本特性,及控制所遵循的原则和方法。 建立适应各种钻进方法的数学模型,不断丰富钻井数据库的研究,将是这一课题前进的重要领地。在此基础上按优化钻速划分岩层和自控钻进,是这个领域进一步发展的方向之一。 做为自控钻进控制执行系统的设计,主要是研究钻压、转速及泵量的控制方法。
Computer-controlled drilling system is the core of automated drilling equipment, drilling technology research is advanced facilities. Computer controlled drilling system is mainly composed of data acquisition system - computer (decision system) - control execution system composed of the object closed-loop control loop. The system automatically drills in the various modes people define in the software. And with automatic data processing, printing and drawing, storage of information and automatic alarm and a series of rich and excellent features. The data acquisition system must have sensors that meet both drilling needs and computer interface requirements. The key to completing this system design is to properly design the preamplifier and the sampling filter to ensure a good signal-to-noise ratio. The other is the correct decision sampling rate. The key to the correct design of computer decision-making system is to find out the basic characteristics of self-control drilling and the principles and methods of control. Establishing a mathematical model that adapts to various drilling methods and continuously enriching the study of drilling databases will be an important area for advancement of this topic. On this basis, according to the optimized drilling rate divided rock strata and controlled drilling, is one of the directions for further development in this area. As a controlled drilling implementation of the control system design, mainly to study weight-bit, speed and pump control methods.