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劳动的概念是马克思哲学研究的核心概念,也是马克思从哲学去实现经济领域革命的重要概念。劳动构成了马克思批判理论和解放学说的核心内容之一,从“劳动”概念出发,认识到社会劳动实践才是历史哲学真正的基础。对于劳动的升华使马克思哲学产生了根本性的变革。当然,其“劳动”概念也批判地继承了古典政治经济学理论当中关于劳动研究的理论成果。本文从西方哲学史中劳动概念的沿革以及马克思本人对洛克、黑格尔等人关于劳动关系的继承与超越的角度出发,深入展开论述马克思的劳动理论。
The concept of labor is the core concept of Marxist philosophical research, but also an important concept of Marxist revolution in the economic field from philosophy. Labor constitutes one of the core contents of Marxist critical theory and liberation theory. From the concept of “labor”, it is realized that social labor practice is the real foundation of historical philosophy. The sublimation of labor led to fundamental changes in Marxist philosophy. Of course, his “labor” concept also critically inherits the theoretical achievements of labor studies in the classical theory of political economy. This article starts from the perspective of the concept of labor in the history of western philosophy and Marx’s own inheritance and surpassing of labor relations by Locke and Hegel, who discuss Marx’s labor theory in depth.