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目的观察上海地区黄胸鼠和褐家鼠对第一代和第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂的抗药性,分析原因,制定对策。方法现场捕获褐家鼠和黄胸鼠,按照全国鼠类抗药性监测协作组统一的方法进行无选择性摄毒试验,分别摄食0.005%、0.05%杀鼠灵毒饵和0.005%溴敌隆毒饵。结果对杀鼠灵抗药性,44只褐家鼠中发生率为2.27%,29只黄胸鼠中发生率为13.79%;对溴敌隆抗药性,42只褐家鼠中发生率为4.76%,10只黄胸鼠中发生率10.00%;对杀鼠灵和溴敌隆毒饵产生抗药性的黄胸鼠个体分别对溴敌隆和杀鼠灵毒饵产生交互抗性。结论(1)当停用第一代抗凝血灭鼠剂14年后,褐家鼠对杀鼠灵的抗性发生率有明显的衰退现象,黄胸鼠对杀鼠灵的抗性水平未发生明显变化;(2)在连续15年使用溴敌隆后,上海地区的褐家鼠和黄胸鼠均对溴敌隆产生了抗性个体;(3)建议尽快建立鼠类对第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂抗药性检验方法、抗药性个体和种群的判断标准。
Objective To observe the resistance of Rattus flavipectus and Rattus norvegicus to the first generation and second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in Shanghai area and to analyze the causes and countermeasures. Methods Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus were captured on site, and non-selective toxicity test was conducted according to the unified method of National Cooperative Rodenticide Monitoring Team, feeding 0.005%, 0.05% warfarin and 0.005% bromadiolone respectively. Results The resistance to warfarin was 2.27% in 44 Rattus norvegicus and 13.79% in 29 Rattus flavipectus. The resistance to bromadiolone was 4.76% in 42 Rattus norvegicus , And the incidence of 10.00% in 10 Rattus flavipectus rats; the individual Rattus flavipectus individuals that developed resistance to warfarin and bromadiolone bait had interactive resistance to bromadiolone and warfarin bait. Conclusion (1) When the first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides were disabled for 14 years, the incidence of resistance to warfarin in Rattus norvegicus showed a significant decline. The resistance of rhesus to warfarin (2) Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus were all resistant to bromadiolone in Shanghai area after 15 consecutive years of using bromadiolone; (3) It is suggested that rodents should be established as soon as possible for the second generation Anticoagulant rodenticide drug resistance test methods, resistant individuals and populations to determine the standard.