宋代应策时文最早出现在制科考试中,熙宁三年进士殿试,首次采用制策问答的方式考试,此后,殿试以策取士,大致沿袭不变。熙宁以后,士人逐渐将更多的学习热情转移到策问的写作上。殿试制策,考核士人两个方面的能力:对现实政治弊病的了解和应对方案,综合分析、归纳等逻辑思考能力和语言表达能力。宋代士人必须时时联系现实政治思考问题,他们进入仕途后,热衷于变革,时而大胆批评朝政,直抒己见,这与应策考试的训练有一定的关系。从格式角度考察,制策需要考核考生对现实社会和政治的多方面综合思考的能力,一道制策中总是提出多个问题。所以,应策时文事实上是由多篇政论文组成,与平常一题一议的政论文不同。应策时文受题目、时间、地点的限定,又有考试录取的现实目的,考生为了进入仕途,必须揣摩帝王或当政者的想法,以此作为应策时文的主要论点,贯穿全文。更有甚者,恶意攻击当时政坛上受排挤压迫的政治派别,应策时文遂堕落为朝廷鹰犬。此外,考生有个人经历的局限,回答问题时又有诸多功名利禄的考虑,面对现实政治和制策提问,绝大多数应策时文不可能提供深刻的见解,空疏肤浅是应策时文的通病。 The first time in the Song Dynasty should appear in the system of science exams, Xining three years Jinti Palace test, the first time using the method of quiz question examination, since then, the palace try to take a taxi, generally follow the same. After Xining, scholars gradually shifted their enthusiasm for learning more to cursive writing. Dianlv policy, the ability to assess the two aspects of scholars: understanding of the realities of political ills and coping strategies, comprehensive analysis, induction and other logical thinking ability and language skills. In the Song Dynasty, scholars had to keep in touch with the questions of actual political thinking. When they entered their career, they were passionate about change. They boldly criticized the government and kept expressing their own opinions. This is a certain relationship with the training of examinations. From the perspective of formatting, policy making needs to examine the candidate’s ability to think in multiple ways about the actual social and political aspects of a comprehensive decision-making process and always put forward a number of issues in his policy making. Therefore, the policy paper should be made up of many political papers in fact, and usually one question and one discussion of the political papers are different. Should be subject to seasonal article by the subject, time and place restrictions, but also the actual purpose of the examination admission, candidates in order to enter the career, must try to figure out the idea of ​​emperors or regent, as the main argument should be the timing of the article, throughout the text. What is more, the malicious attack on the political arena was suppressed by the oppressive political factions at that time, and should be drafted in time for the imperial falcons. In addition, the candidates have personal limitations, answering the questions have a lot of fame and fortune considerations, the face of real politics and policy questions, the vast majority of policy time should not provide a profound insight, Common problem.