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目的明确广东地区土壤中暗色真菌的分布及与环境的关系。方法分层随机抽样、采集15 cm以上表层土,采用改进的稀释平板法分离培养土壤中的暗色真菌,用形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法鉴定所分离的菌株。结果567份土壤样本共分离出21属36种114株暗色真菌,Scolecobasidium的频率最大为4.63%,Phialophora的孢子相对数最多为0.19。暗色真菌于南亚热带西部地区分离率最高(25%),南亚热带东部最低(16%)。广东17个县市均分出暗色真菌,土壤中暗色真菌栖息的位置环境为田地、山坡、路旁、圈养场、小溪边。结论广东地区土壤中暗色真菌的分布广泛,普遍存在,但西南部多于东北,暗色真菌栖息的位置环境无特殊。广东地区土壤中致病性暗色真菌以外瓶霉及枝孢样枝孢霉为主,非致病菌以线状黑粉菌为主。
Objective To determine the distribution of dark-colored fungi in soils and its relationship with environment in Guangdong. Methods Stratified random sampling was used to collect over 15 cm of topsoil. The dark-colored fungi in soil were isolated and cultured by the improved dilution plate method. The isolated strains were identified by morphological and molecular biology methods. Results 567 soil samples were isolated from 21 genera and 36 species of 114 dark-colored fungi. The maximum frequency of Scolecobasidium was 4.63%, and the relative number of spores of Phialophora was 0.19. Dark fungi have the highest separation rate (25%) in the southern subtropics and the lowest (16%) in the southern subtropics. Dark color fungi were found in 17 counties and cities in Guangdong. The dark-colored fungus habitat in the soil was located in fields, slopes, roadsides, captive farms and streams. Conclusion The dark-colored fungi in the soil of Guangdong Province are widespread and widespread, but more in the southwest than in the northeast. There is no special place for the dark-colored fungus to inhabit. In soil of Guangdong, pathogenic dark fungi other than Tricholoma matsuyne and Acremonium spore-like, non-pathogenic bacteria mainly linear black fungus.