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髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein，MOG)在哺乳动物中枢神经系统少突胶质细胞中表达，位于髓鞘最表面，是髓鞘的重要组成部分。MOG抗体相关炎性脱髓鞘疾病是近年来神经科领域研究热点，其临床表型谱变化多样，随着对该病研究的逐渐深入，已发现越来越多的表型。目前推荐采用基于细胞的检测方法(cell-based assay，CBA)检测外周血中MOG抗体。由于其临床表现复杂多样，在不同年龄段表现亦存在差别，给临床诊断带来一定困难。目前确切致病机制仍不完全清楚，对其治疗方案、长期预后等方面仍存在争议。该文将对MOG抗体相关炎性脱髓鞘疾病的致病机制、临床表现、治疗方案及临床预后等方面进行综述。“,”Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG)is expressed in oligodendrocytes of the mammalian central nervous system, which is located on the surface and an important component of the myelin sheath.MOG antibody related inflammatory demyelinating disease is a hot topic in the field of neurology in recent years, and its clinical phenotype spectrum varies.Currently, cell-based assay(CBA)is recommended to detect MOG antibodies in peripheral blood.Due to the complexity and diversity of the clinical manifestations, and different manifestations in different age groups, it is difficult to make the clinical diagnosis.The exact pathogenesis is still unclear, and the therapeutic options and long-term prognosis remain controversial.In this article, the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment options and clinical prognosis of MOG antibody related inflammatory demyelinating diseases will be reviewed.