目的：探讨无创早期诊断膀胱癌的有效方法：对膀胱癌患者进行尿液中膀胱肿瘤抗原（ＢＴＡ）测定与分析。方法：对６４例膀胱癌及２８例非膀胱癌患者的尿进行ＢＴＡ测定及尿脱落细胞学检查，比较这两种方法的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性及阴性似然比。结果：ＢＴＡ测定的敏感度、准确度、特异度、阳性及阴性似然比分别为９０６％、８９３％、９０２％、８５及０１；尿脱落细胞学检查这些指标分别为４６９％、９２９％、６０９％、６６及０５７。ＢＴＡ测定的敏感度、准确度、阴性似然比与尿脱落细胞学检查指标比较存在显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）；阳性似然比高于脱落细胞学检查，但无统计学意义（Ｐ＞００５）；特异度在二者也无差异性（Ｐ＞００５）。ＢＴＡ敏感度随肿瘤的分级、分期的增高而呈升高趋势，但差异并无统计学意义（Ｐ＞００５）。结论：ＢＴＡ测定是无创、快速诊断及监测膀胱癌的方法，有较高的敏感度及准确性。 Objective: To explore an effective method of noninvasive early diagnosis of bladder cancer: bladder transitional cell carcinoma antigen (BTA) in bladder cancer patients were measured and analyzed. Methods: BTA and urinary cytology were performed in 64 cases of bladder cancer and 28 cases of non-bladder cancer. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratios of the two methods were compared. Results: The sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios of BTA were 90.6%, 893%, 902%, 8.5% and 0.1, respectively. Urine cytology These indicators were 46  9%, 92  9%, 60  9%, 6  6 and 0  57. The sensitivity, accuracy and negative likelihood ratio of BTA were significantly different from those of urine cytology (P <005), but the positive likelihood ratio was higher than that of exfoliative cytology P> 005); there was no difference in specificity between them (P> 005). BTA sensitivity increased with tumor grade and stage, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 005). Conclusion: BTA is a non-invasive, rapid diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer, with high sensitivity and accuracy.