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随着日本实验舱(JEM)方案和应用计划日趋明朗,日本各界人士愈来愈认识到自主空间运输系统的必要性。宇宙开发事业团(NASDA)已在研制能在九十年代发射较大有效载荷的H-2运载火箭。因此,研制回收系统并介绍其方案以及研制情况显得十分重要。日本长期空间计划研究结果表明,选择由H-2发射入轨的能重复使用不载人轨道飞机(HOPE)为第一步发展的最理想的方案。作出此选择的主要理由如下: ·这种系统将能满足近期为执行自治式空间活动的空间往返运输任务的要求; ·通过这种系统的研究,将尽可能多地验证未来空间运输系统采用的新技术; ·这种系统将建立在当代技术水平的基础上。 NASDA也对这种有翼返回式运载器进行了初步研究。初步研究的主要参数如下: ·运载器的总重; ·载人或者不载人; ·采用重复使用的上面级或者不采用重复使用的上面级; ·为使着陆可靠,采用喷气发动机或者不采用喷气发动机。本文也介绍了HOPE的系统方案及其关键技术。
As JEM programs and application plans become increasingly clear, people from all walks of life in Japan are increasingly recognizing the necessity of autonomous space transportation systems. The NASDA has been developing an H-2 launch vehicle capable of launching larger payloads in the 1990s. Therefore, it is very important to develop a recycling system and introduce its plan and development situation. The results of Japan’s long-term space plan study indicate that the choice of a reusable orbital aircraft (HOPE) launched into orbit by an H-2 is the ideal solution for the first step of development. The main reasons for this choice are as follows: • Such a system will meet the requirements of the recent round-trip transport of space for the implementation of autonomous space activities. • Through this systematic study, as much as possible will be demonstrated for future space transportation systems New technologies; The system will be based on contemporary technology. NASDA also conducted a preliminary study of such a winged return carrier. The main parameters of the preliminary study are as follows: • The total weight of the carrier; • Manned or unmanned; • Recycled upper classes or non-reused upper classes; • Jet engines or no Jet engine. This article also introduced HOPE’s system solution and its key technologies.