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With the development of transgenic crops,there is an increasing conc about the possible adverse effects of their vegetation and residues on soil environmental quality.This study was carried out to evaluate the possible effects of the vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines Huachi B6 (HC) and TT51 (TT) followed by the ret of their straw to the soil on soil enzymes (catalase,arease,neutral phosphatase and invertase),anaerobic respiration activity,microbial utilization of carbon substrates and community structure,under field conditions.The results indicated that the vegetation of the two transgenic rice lines (HC and TT) and ret of their straw had few adverse effects on soil enzymes and anaerobic respiration activity compared to their parent and distant parent,although some transient differences were observed.The vegetation and subsequent straw amendment of Bt rice HC and TT did not appear to have a harmful effect on the richness,evenness and community structure of soil microorganisms.No different patt of impact due to plant species was found between HC and TT.It could be concluded that the vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines and the ret of their straw as organic fertilizer may not alter soil microbe-mediated functions.