17世纪以来,随着中国人口的增长,部分底层民众被迫向生态恶劣的山区移民,山区社会日趋成熟。本文以今重庆市垫江县内的山区为例,从“山民生存状况的考察”“以牡丹种植为中心的经济运作”“新经济形式下的社会变迁”三个角度,展示作为一种山区优势资源,牡丹种植在山区社会变迁中的作用,亦希望借此对山区社会的发展道路做出尝试性的思考。 Since the 17th century, as the population in China has grown, some people at the bottom have been forced to migrate to poor and ecologically benign mountains, and the society in mountainous areas has become increasingly mature. This paper takes the mountainous area in Dianjiang County of Chongqing as an example. From the perspectives of “investigation of living conditions of the mountain people”, “economic operation centered on peony planting” and “social changes under the new economic form” From the perspective of displaying the role of peony cultivation as a superior resource in mountainous areas in the social changes in mountainous areas, I also wish to make tentative consideration on the development path of mountainous communities.