造影剂在临床的广泛应用使造影剂肾病(CIN)成为院内获得性急性肾损伤(AKI)的常见病因。正确识别CIN危险因素有利于预防CIN发生,不仅可降低住院费用而且可改善患者预后。CIN的危险因素包括已存在肾脏病、糖尿病、高龄、使用高渗离子型造影剂等,本文仅就近年文献对CIN危险因素做一综述并介绍几种对危险因素进行评估的方法。 The widespread use of contrast media in the clinic has made contrast medium nephropathy (CIN) a common cause of nosocomial acute kidney injury (AKI). Correct identification of CIN risk factors can help prevent the occurrence of CIN, not only can reduce the cost of hospitalization but also improve patient prognosis. The risk factors for CIN include the presence of kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, advanced age, the use of hypertonic ionic contrast agents, etc. In this paper, we only review the recent literature on CIN risk factors and introduce several methods to assess risk factors.