目的：为限制性椎板切除的ＳＰＲ提供解剖学依据。方法：在２０例成人防腐灌注红色乳胶的脊柱标本上，对近端马尾神经进行巨—微解剖学观察。结果：马尾近端，Ｌ１前后根之间有最下一对齿状韧带，前根位于相应后根的前内侧。各节段后根在马尾近端呈冠状位的内外平排，从内向外依次为Ｓ２～Ｌ１的后根；各节段后根进脊髓处，Ｌ５和Ｓ１后根之间有明显分界线，相邻节段后根之间，均有恒定小静脉分隔。以终丝起点为定点，各节段后根与终丝之间的距离和成角从Ｓ２到Ｌ１逐渐增加。结论：在限制性椎板切除的ＳＰＲ术中，前、后根的鉴别主要依靠脊髓的外侧索和Ｌ１前后根之间的最下一对齿状韧带；后根节段的鉴别主要依靠后根连脊髓处，Ｌ５和Ｓ１之间有明显分界、相邻节段后根间有恒定小静脉来定性鉴别。也可根据终丝起点水平，各节段后根与终丝之间的距离和成角来鉴别后根节段 Objective: To provide anatomic evidence for limited laminectomy SPR. Methods: Macroscopic and microanatomical observations of the proximal cauda equina nerve were performed on 20 spine specimens of adult anticorrosive infusion red latex. RESULTS: There was the lowest pair of dentate ligaments between the proximal and caudal ends of L1 and the anteromedial roots located anteriorly of the corresponding posterior roots. The posterior root of each segment was coronal in the cauda equina inside and outside the flat row, from the inside to the outside of the S2 ~ L1 after the root; roots after each segment into the spinal cord, L5 and S1 after the root of a clear dividing line, Adjacent segments of the posterior root, there are constant venules separated. Taking the starting point of the terminal filament as the fixed point, the distance and angulation between the posterior root and terminal filament of each segment gradually increased from S2 to L1. Conclusion: In the limited laminectomy SPR, the identification of the anterior and posterior roots mainly depends on the outermost lateral cord of the spinal cord and the anterior and posterior root ligaments between the anterior and posterior teeth. The identification of the posterior root segment mainly depends on the posterior root Spinal cord, L5 and S1 there is a clear boundary between the adjacent segments of the posterior root of a small vein to qualitative identification. Can also be based on the level of the starting point of the terminal filament, the distance between the posterior root of each segment and the terminal filament and angulation to identify the posterior root segment