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目的:回顾总结先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease，CHD)术后体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO)辅助患儿的临床预后及死亡原因，拟进一步提高ECMO治疗存活率。方法:回顾性分析上海儿童医学中心心胸外科2017年1月至2019年12月收治的CHD术后进行VA-ECMO辅助的105例患儿的临床资料，对死亡原因进行分析。结果:105例ECMO患儿，平均年龄110(38，341)d，体重5.30(3.75，8.45)kg，先天性心脏病手术风险调整评分3(2～3)分。存活组(n n＝51)与死亡组(n n＝54)患儿的性别、年龄、体重、身长、先天性心脏病手术风险调整评分、手术室安装ECMO例数、经心肺复苏后安装ECMO例数及ECMO持续时间比较差异均无统计学意义(n P均>0.05)；连续性肾脏替代治疗使用率差异有统计学意义[7.8%(4/51)比38.9%(21/54)，n P0.05). While there was a significant difference in utilization of continuous renal replacement therapy[7.8% (4/51) vs.38.9% (21/54),n P<0.001]. The death mainly occurred within one week after evacuating ECMO(83.3%, 45/54). ECMO installation was most in children aged 1 month to 1 year old(52.4%, 55/105), and the survival rate showed a rise over three years(2017 to 2019), increased from 31.6% (6/19) to 65.0% (13/20). Children with 3 to 5 kg were the most affected (39.0%, 41/105) when ECMO was installed, and the survival rate from 2017 to 2019 increased from 28.6%(4/14) to 75.0%(9/12). The main cause of death was heart failure(48.1%, 26/54), followed by bleeding(18.5%, 10/54)and pulmonary hypertension(13.0%, 7/54).n Conclusion:With the progress of surgical technology and cardiopulmonary bypass, and the improvement of postoperative management, the mortality of children with CHD in our hospital after ECMO has decreased year by year during the last three years.However, the mortality of children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy assistance during ECMO is higher.Therefore, it is still necessary to strengthen the maintenance of each organ function during ECMO.