论文部分内容阅读
目的了解影响北京市民无偿献血的主要因素,并针对这些因素制定相应的策略,进而更有效地招募和保留献血者。方法首先对100名被试人员进行开放式访谈,并查阅有关文献,确定可能影响无偿献血行为的因素。在此基础上获得了能够反映人格、献血动机、献血信念、献血知识和血站服务质量的146个问题项目。将这些项目编入问卷,对1953名北京市民进行问卷测试,其中献血者922名,非献血者1031名。结果与非献血者相比,献血者在外向性、宜人性、审慎性、献血知识上得分比较高,在神经质上得分比较低。在4种无偿献血的动机中(慈善、利他、亲缘、享乐),慈善对献血意图的预测力最强。亲友支持、自我效能、自我控制感和认同感对人们的献血意图具有正向的预测作用。结论无偿献血行为与某些特定的人格特征有关联。在招募献血者时,强调“利人利己”比强调“无私奉献”效果更好。当人们参与无偿献血得到亲友支持、感受到效能和控制感时,就会对无偿献血产生认同。
Objective To understand the main factors that affect the blood donation of Beijing citizens and to formulate corresponding strategies for these factors so as to more effectively recruit and retain blood donors. Methods Firstly, an interview was conducted with 100 subjects and the relevant literature was reviewed to determine the factors that may affect the behavior of unpaid blood donation. On this basis, 146 items that can reflect personality, motivation of blood donation, belief of blood donation, knowledge of blood donation and service quality of bloodstain were obtained. These projects were included in the questionnaire, and 1953 Beijing citizens were tested with questionnaires, of which 922 were blood donors and 1031 were non-blood donors. Results Compared with non-blood donors, blood donors scored higher in extroversion, pleasantness, prudence and blood donation, and scored lower in neuroticism. Charity has the strongest predictive power of blood donation among the four motives for voluntary blood donation (charity, altruism, kinship, hedonism). Relatives and friends support, self-efficacy, self-control and identity have a positive predictive effect on people’s intention to donate blood. Conclusion Unpaid blood donation behavior is associated with certain personality traits. When recruiting donors, it is better to emphasize “selfishness ” than to emphasize “selfless dedication ”. When people take part in blood donations get the support of relatives and friends, feel the efficacy and sense of control, they will agree on blood donation.