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目的 :探讨老年住院病人疾病谱特征及其死因谱分布规律 ,并提出相应干预措施及防治对策。方法 :采用回顾性资料分析法对 3所综合性医院在 1989年～ 1998年期间收治的老年病人住院有关资料进行了统计分析。结果 :疾病谱按系统分 :以消化系统疾病为最多 (2 1.10 % ) ,其次为呼吸系统、心血管系统、神经系统等。最常见的前 10种疾病依次为 :慢性支气管炎与慢性阻塞性肺气肿 (占 9.2 7% )居首位 ,其次为脑血管病、冠心病、胆石症、原发性高血压、原发性支气管肺癌、糖尿病、良性前列腺增生症、慢性肺源性心脏病、慢性胃炎与消化性溃疡。死因按疾病系统排序为 :呼吸系统疾病最多 ,为 1.5 6 % ,其次为消化系统、神经系统、心血管系统等。死因按疾病种类排序 ,恶性肿瘤死亡率最高 ,占总住院人数的 1.2 2 % ,其次为脑血管病、慢支炎与肺气肿、冠心病等。结论 :老年人常见病仍以消化系统疾病、呼吸系统、心血管系统、神经系统疾病为主 ,且呼吸系统、心脑血管系统疾病以及恶性肿瘤为老年病人的主要死因。定期体格检查 ,早期发现某些疾病及其易患因素并加以有效干预 ,改变不良生活方式 ,强化疾病防治的应对措施等 ,都是十分重要的。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of the disease spectrum of elderly inpatients and the distribution of their causes of death, and to propose corresponding interventions and prevention measures. Methods: The retrospective data analysis was used to analyze the hospitalization data of elderly patients admitted in three general hospitals from 1989 to 1998. Results: The disease spectrum was classified according to the system: digestive diseases were the most (2 1.10%), followed by the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system and so on. The most common top 10 diseases were: chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema (9.27%), followed by cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, cholelithiasis, essential hypertension, primary Bronchial lung cancer, diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic cor pulmonale, chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. The cause of death ranked by disease system as follows: the most respiratory disease, 1.56%, followed by the digestive system, nervous system, cardiovascular system. The cause of death by the type of disease, the highest mortality rate of malignant tumors, accounting for 1.2% of the total number of hospitalizations, followed by cerebrovascular disease, chronic bronchitis and emphysema, coronary heart disease. Conclusion: The common diseases of the elderly are still mainly digestive diseases, respiratory system, cardiovascular system and nervous system diseases, and the respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as malignant tumors are the leading causes of death in elderly patients. Regular physical examination, early detection of certain diseases and their predisposing factors and effective intervention to change the unhealthy lifestyles and strengthen the prevention and treatment of disease response measures, are very important.