在叔本华、尼采的唯意志主义之前,西方哲学家们都把人的理性看作是人的本质,而叔本华和尼采却把人的意志看作是人的本质。意志是先于理性的,人靠理性区别于动物,但人与动物一样同属意志之物。意志这个概念很难界定,它是驱动人行为的关键点,它可以表现为人的欲望、需求、观念、面子、自尊等等。理性是人对事物及事物运动规律的认识,它的目的是指向人的利益;理性是为人的意志服务的。我们只有懂得意志先于理性,才好理解人的许多非理性行为,才能把握住人的行为规律。物与物之间存在着力的较量,而人与人之间存在着意志力的较量。人的意志力的较量,残暴 Before Schopenhauer and Nietzsche’s voluntarism, Western philosophers regarded human reason as the essence of man, while Schopenhauer and Nietzsche regarded human will as the essence of man. The will is prior to rationality, and people rely on rationality to distinguish animals, but humans and animals are the same as wills. The concept of will is difficult to define. It is the key point to drive people’s behavior. It can be expressed as human desire, demand, concept, face, self-esteem and so on. Reason is the human understanding of the law of things and things, its purpose is to point to the interests of people; reason is to serve the will of man. Only when we understand that will leads rationality can we understand many irrational behaviors of people so as to grasp the laws of human behavior. There is a powerful contest between things, and there is a contest of willpower between people. The battle of human will, brutal