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当前地方科技进步条例普遍存在实施难的问题,此问题产生的根源在于地方科技进步条例大多照搬上位法而缺乏可操作性和地方特色。地方人大有必要在宪法设置的权限范围内,在科技进步条例立法过程中将上位法转化为切合地方实际需要的地方性法规。上海市强化了立法对社会现实、执法实践和公民诉求的回应,并将上位法的鼓励性条款转化为由职责、权利和义务等内容构成的制度机制,从而形成了转化型立法的“上海经验”。
At present, the local science and technology progress regulations are generally difficult to implement. The root cause of this problem lies in the fact that most of the local science and technology progress regulations are copied into the upper-level law and lack operability and local characteristics. It is necessary for local people’s congresses to transform the upper-level law into local laws and regulations that meet the actual needs of the localities in the process of legislation on the progress of science and technology within the limits of the powers set by the Constitution. Shanghai has strengthened the legislative response to social reality, law enforcement practices and citizen appeals, and transformed the encouragement clause of the upper-level law into a system of mechanisms consisting of responsibilities, rights and obligations, thereby forming the “ experience”.