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目的了解深圳市某社区老年人日常生活能力状况,探讨老年人独立生活能力的影响因素,并提出相关建议,为促进健康老龄化提供科学依据。方法于2015年8月-9月,对辖下社康中心采用分层系统抽样方法进行流行病学抽样调查,对社区中2 163位60岁及以上的老年人进行问卷调查和体格检查。运用SPSS统计软件进行均数比较分析、Logistic回归等分析。结果社区老年人独立生活能力平均总得分为(121.23±11.357)分,其中运动功能平均得分为(88.40±8.563)分,认知功能得分为(32.83±4.016)分。年龄的增长(70岁~:OR=1.795,95%CI=1.013~3.179;80岁~:OR=10.832,95%CI=6.056~19.376)、婚姻不稳定(OR=1.669,95%CI=1.023~2.723)、睡眠质量差(OR=1.697,95%CI=1.078~2.671)、肥胖(OR=2.064,95%CI=1.088~3.915)是影响社区老年人独立生活能力的危险因素。经常参与体育锻炼(OR=0.546,95%CI=0.341~0.874)则是其保护性因素。结论关注社区老年人健康状况,尤其是高龄、婚姻不稳定、睡眠质量差、肥胖的老年人,有针对性地对其进行健康教育及社区干预,改善老年人的生活质量,提高其健康水平。
Objective To understand the daily living ability of the elderly in a certain community in Shenzhen, to explore the influencing factors of the independent living ability of the elderly, and to put forward relevant suggestions to provide a scientific basis for promoting healthy aging. Methods From August to September 2015, a stratified systematic sampling method was used for epidemiological sampling of community health centers. A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted on 2,163 elderly people aged 60 and over in the community. Using SPSS statistical software for comparative analysis of mean, Logistic regression analysis. Results The average total score of independent living ability of the elderly in the community was (121.23 ± 11.357) points. The mean score of motor function was (88.40 ± 8.563) points and the cognitive function score was (32.83 ± 4.016) points. Age (70 years old: OR = 1.795, 95% CI = 1.013-3.179; 80 years old: OR = 10.832,95% CI = 6.056-19.376), marital instability (OR = 1.669, 95% CI = 1.023 (OR = 1.697, 95% CI = 1.078-2.671). Obesity (OR = 2.064, 95% CI = 1.088-3.915) was a risk factor for the elderly living independently in the community. Regular participation in physical exercise (OR = 0.546, 95% CI = 0.341 ~ 0.874) is its protective factor. Conclusions Concerned about the health status of the elderly in the community, especially the elderly, marital instability, poor quality of sleep, obesity, targeted health education and community intervention to improve the quality of life of the elderly and improve their health.