目的　探讨航校飞行员飞行前后及运动前后血尿、蛋白尿发生率及在航空医学鉴定中的价值。　方法　 2 1 2例航校飞行教员和学员为受试对象 ,用干化学法筛查飞行前后及运动前后血尿、蛋白尿。以镜检法红细胞≥ 3个 /HP ;加热醋酸法尿蛋白≥ (+)者为阳性判定值 ,统计其阳性发生率。　结果　血尿、蛋白尿阳性发生率特点是 :运动后血尿、蛋白尿的发生率高于飞行后 ;运动后蛋白尿的发生率明显高于血尿的发生率 ;飞行学员运动后血尿、蛋白尿的发生率明显高于飞行教员。飞行后血尿、蛋白尿的发生率较低 ;飞行后发生血尿、蛋白尿者运动后同样产生血尿、蛋白尿。飞行前或运动前有轻度血尿者 ,在飞行后或运动后血尿仍为阳性 ,个别血尿程度加重。　结论　建议建立和完善尿液检测标准化方法和制度。飞行员无症状血尿、蛋白尿的防治以个体化防治为宜。运动试验可用做评价肾功能状态的客观方法 Objective To investigate the incidence of hematuria and proteinuria in pilot school before and after flight and before and after exercise, and their value in the field of aeromedicine. Methods 2 1 2 flight instructors and trainees were selected as test subjects to test the hematuria and proteinuria before and after flight and before and after exercise by dry chemical method. To microscopic examination of red blood cells ≥ 3 / HP; acetic acid method of urinary protein ≥ (+) were positive for judging the value of the positive incidence. Results The positive rates of hematuria and proteinuria were: the incidence of hematuria and proteinuria after exercise was higher than that after flight; the incidence of proteinuria after exercise was significantly higher than that of hematuria; hematuria and proteinuria occurred after exercise The rate was significantly higher than the flight instructors. After the flight hematuria, the incidence of proteinuria lower; hematuria occurred after the flight, proteinuria after exercise also produces hematuria, proteinuria. Pre-flight or pre-exercise mild hematuria, post-flight or post-exercise hematuria is still positive, individual hematuria increased. Conclusion It is suggested to establish and improve the standardization method and system of urinalysis. Pilots asymptomatic hematuria, proteinuria prevention and treatment to individual control is appropriate. Exercise testing can be used as an objective way to assess renal function