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《人民司法》今年第七期于刊载了武汉市中级人民法院民庭的《这起奖券纠纷应如何处理》(以下简称武文)。笔者认为,武文在提出对本案的处理意见前,忽略了一个重要的环节,即人民法院在审理有关民事法律行为的案件时,首先应审查,确认该法律行为的有效与无效(包括绝对无效和相对无效),之后,才能根据案件情况,提出相应的处理意见。民事法律行为的有效要件有三。其中之一,行为人的意思表示应真实。这包括两个方面:1. 行为人的意思表示须是自愿的;2. 行为人的意思表示应与意思一致。从第一方面来看,是无疑问的,但从第二个方面来看,笔者认为有必要详加分析。按照民法理论,除欺诈和胁迫外,绝大多数情况下,法律行为的意思表示和意思是一致。从彭某赠与
The “People's Judiciary” published the seventh issue of this year on “How should this lottery dispute be handled” (hereinafter referred to as Wu Wen) with the court of Wuhan Intermediate People's Court. In my opinion, Wu Wen ignored an important part before he put forward his opinion on this case. That is, people's courts should first examine and confirm the validity and invalidity of the legal act (including the absolute null and void Relatively ineffective), then, according to the circumstances of the case, put forward the corresponding treatment advice. There are three effective elements of civil legal acts. One of them, the performer's meanings should be true. This includes two aspects: 1. The perpetrator's meaning must be voluntary; 2. The perpetrator's meaning should be consistent with the meaning. From the first perspective, there is no doubt, but from the second aspect, I think it is necessary to analyze in detail. According to the civil law theory, in addition to fraud and coercion, the meaning and meaning of legal acts are the same in most cases. From Pengmou gift