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高二《思想政治》教材在讲到“事物发展的原因”同时,根据马克思主义哲学原著的精辟论述,指出事物的发展是内因和外因共同起作用的结果。矛盾是事物发展的动力,但是,内因和外因在事物发展中的地位和作用是不同的。其中,事物的内部矛盾即“内因”是事物变化发展的根本原因,事物的外部矛盾即“外因”是事物变化发展的条件,外因只有通过内因才能起作用。 在教学过程中,我鼓励同学们开动脑筋,积极思考,欢迎他们提出对这个问题的看法。果然,有同学认为外因也起决定性作用,并且举例初中语文课学过的《连升三级》故事的主人翁张好古。张好古平素游手好闲,不务正业,纯粹一个无赖。但就是这样一个人,凭借一系列外界因素(瞎子算命、魏忠贤送考、误送对子等)连升了三级。据此,该同学认为,外因是他官运亨通的根本原因,假若说是内因起作用的话,那张好古究竟凭自身的什么因素而使自己“连升三级”呢?
The high school “ideological and political” textbooks talk about “the reasons for the development of things” and at the same time, based on the brilliant exposition of the original Marxist philosophy, pointed out that the development of things is the result of the internal and external factors working together. Contradictions are the driving force for the development of things. However, the position and role of internal and external factors in the development of things are different. Among them, the internal contradiction of things is “the internal cause” is the root cause of the development of the thing, and the external contradiction of the thing is “the external cause” is the condition of the development of the thing change, the external cause can only work through the internal cause. In the teaching process, I encourage my classmates to use their brains and think positively, and welcome them to present their views on this issue. Sure enough, some students think that external factors also play a decisive role, and examples of junior high school language class “Liansheng three” story of the hero Zhang Haogu. Zhang Hao is always idle and is not a good job. She is simply a rogue. However, such a person has risen three consecutively with a series of external factors (such as fortune-telling, Wei Zhongxian’s sending of an exam, misfeeding a child, etc.). Based on this, the classmate believes that external causes are the root cause of his official transportation and prosper. If the internal cause works, then what kind of factors did the good ancient cause make him “up to three levels”?