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我国古代以农业为本,奠定了光辉灿烂的文明。测定节气,不误农时,是发展农业的先决条件。因此,我国在很早以前,便产生了测量节气的古老天文仪器——表。表有时又称作竿、臬、槷、椑、碑、髀,是用木或石制作成一个竿子,观测它在阳光下的投影;用圭来测量影子的长度,合称作圭表。判断方向,测定节气,是圭表的重要功能。南京博物院于1965年在江苏仪征汉墓中发掘一件铜圭表,为我们研究汉代圭表及附属结构提供了迄今所知最早的实物证据(图一、二)。
In ancient China, agriculture-based, laid a brilliant civilization. Measuring solar terms, not misuse of agriculture, is a prerequisite for the development of agriculture. Therefore, in our country long ago, an ancient astronomical instrument for measuring solar terms was produced. Tables, sometimes called rods, 臬, 槷, 椑, 碑, 髀, are made of wood or stone as a pole to observe its projection in the sun; to measure the length of the shadow with the Kyu, collectively known as the watch. Judging the direction of determination of solar terms, is an important function of the standard. The Nanjing Museum unearthed a copper watch in the 1965 Yizheng Han Tomb in Jiangsu Province, providing us with the earliest physical evidence we have known to date (Figure 1 and 2).